EARTHSCIENCE

• Geological processes that take place today are operated in the same manner as in the past.
• Stratification or bedding is the general layout of the strata of the rock.
• This layering is visible in side of the mountains and huge rocks.
• Strata or stratification is a geologic term we apply only to sedimentary rocks.
• The process behind the formations of the stratification is the same process that produces sedimentary rocks.
• Each stratum of rock is a layer of compacted and cemented sediments.
• The Law of Uniformitarianism, proposed during the Age of the Enlightenment by James Hutton, a Scottish doctor and farmer, is a fundamental principle in geology.
• A stratum (plural, strata) is a layer of the sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics which distinguish it from other layers.
• It is also called a bed.
• Uniformitarianism is the proposition that the natural laws have remained the same throughout time.
• The same natural laws that impact the Earth today had the same impact millions of years ago.
• Relative dating is a method that arranges rocks, fossils, or geological events in an order of occurrence without using specific numerical values.
• Relative dating is done through comparison, and what it produces is a chronological rank of objects or events in terms of relative time of occurrence.
• The law of Uniformitarianism states that the natural laws have remained the same throughout time.
• The same natural laws that impact the Earth today had the same impact millions of years ago.
• The order of occurrence is determined through comparison, and what it produces is a chronological rank of objects or events in terms of relative time of occurrence.
• Rocks, fossils, or geological events are given an order of occurrence without using specific numerical values to determine which geological objects or events came first, second, third, etc.
• Carbon-14 dating is a method for determining the exact age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks using the radioactive isotope carbon-14.
• Relative dating is the process of determining the age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks without reference to the absolute scale.
• Uranium-lead dating is a method for determining the exact age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks using the radioactive isotope uranium-235.
• Radiometric dating is a method for determining the exact age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks using methods such as carbon-14 dating.
• Absolute dating is the process of determining the exact age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks using methods such as radiometric dating.
• Other methods of radiometric dating include uranium-lead dating and potassium-argon dating.
• Potassium-argon dating is a method for determining the exact age of a rock sample or a sequence of rocks using the radioactive isotope potassium.
• Geological Sequence is a listing of geological objects or events in a column of rock.
• The Law of Original Horizontality, first proposed by Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno in the 17th century, states that layers of sediment were originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity.
• The Law of Original Horizontality can be exemplified by observing the horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks in any river or lake where sediments will settle to the bottom in layers.
• If a layer of a rock is tilted or inclined at an angle, the event that caused them to shift happened after they were deposited.
• The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that any rock of fault that cuts across another rock is older than those it cuts across.
• Uniformities are the surfaces of erosion that separate younger rocks from older ones, existing dock is lost and cannot be recovered.