Energy

• What is the purpose of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)?

  To prevent CO₂ emissions from entering the atmosphere
• What is the goal of storing CO₂ underground?

  To keep it trapped for thousands of years
• What do hydrogen fuel cells produce as waste?

  Only water
• What is the expected growth in global energy consumption by 2035?

  32%
• What are the benefits of increasing biofuel consumption?

  • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
  • Increases energy supply safety
  • Encourages agricultural innovation
• What are the implications of rising global energy demand?

  • Need for alternative energy sources
  • Challenges in climate change mitigation
  • Increased reliance on biofuels
• What initiatives are being launched globally to reduce emissions?

  • EU's commitment to 20% reduction by 2020
  • US plan to increase biofuel consumption
  • Brazil's investment in renewable energy sources
• Pros and cons of fracking

  Pros

  1. Increase UK energy security but reducing reliance on imports (15% of energy is imported)
  2. Produces shale gas, A lot of homes in the UK use methane

  Cons

  1. Risk of earthquakes
  2. Toxic waste and water contamination (seen in Argentina)
  3. Noise pollution
  4. Water-intensive. Caused local water shortages in Argentina
• Types of biofuels

  Bio ethanol- (sugar cane, beet, maize and wheat

  Biodiesel- (animal fats and vegetable oil)

  Bio-methane ( domestic and animal sewage)
• How are tar sands used?

  • Occur naturally in a mixture of sands, clay and bitumen. Bitumen is extracted from tar sands by injecting hot steam underground. This heats the sand and makes bitumen less sticky so that it can be pumped out
• How is fracking used to extract shale gas?

  After drilling underground, high water pressure is used to break shale rocks apart so that  shale gas can be extracted.
• What are the major energy pathways?

  • Nord stream- connects Russia to Europe through oil pipelines in the Baltic sea.
  • Yamal- Transports gas from Russia through Poland/Belarus into Germany.
  • Kazakhstan- China.