INTRO TO IMMUNOSERO

• It is defined as the study of immunity particularly to the immune system of humans.

  Immunology
• Molecules, cells, organs, and systems that contribute to immunity.
• It is defined as the host's reaction when foreign substances are involved in the body?

  Immunity
• Immunity is the host’s ability to recognize “self” from “non-self” materials and the subsequent elimination of the latter
• Antigens in the body are regarded as?

  self materials
• Antigens outside or foreign antigens are regarded as?

  non-self materials
• It is defined as the desirable and undesirable consequences of immune response?

  Immunity
• This type of immune response against harmless material?

  Hypersensitivity
• This happen to patients with overwhelming infections such as COVID-19?

  Cytokine storm
• These are ways in which the immune system can be advantageously manipulated to protect against diseases?

  Immunity
• Sero meaning serum
• It is the study of fluid components of blood, especially antibodies.

  Serology
• It is the Scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids, particularly about the immune system.?

  Serology
• SEROLOGY: Involves the analysis of antibodies, antigens, and other substances present in the blood serum.
• It is the most frequently encountered specimen in immunologic testing?

  Serum
• It is the fluid portion of clotted blood

  Serum
• Functions of Immune System

  • Recognize "self' from "non-self' materials and defend the body against the effects of "non-self" materials
• These materials can range from infectious microorganisms to life-saving organ transplantation.

  Non-self materials
• Desirable Effects of Immune Response

  • natural resistance
  • recovery
  • acquired resistance to infectious diseases
• Undesirable Effects of Immune Response

  • Hypersensitivity
  • allograft rejection
  • autoimmune diseases
• In 430 B.C, this person described a plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian war

  Thucydides
• Those who recovered from the plague could nurse the sick without being re- infected.
• In 1500 AD, The Chinese developed a custom of

  inhaling crusts from smallpox lesions to prevent the development of smallpox later in life. It was deemed unsuccessful
• In 1718, who introduced variolation to Western medicine?

  Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
• It is referred to as the injecting materials from smallpox blisters, widely practiced in eastern medicine.


  Variolation
• In 1798, He discovered the smallpox vaccine and was regarded as the Father of Immunology.

  Edward Jenner
• He noticed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox was spared from smallpox epidemics

  Edward Jenner
• Inoculated a boy with pus from cowpox blister and subsequently with an infectious pus from a patient with

  an active state of smallpox

  Edward Jenner
• Vaccination comes from the Latin, vacca meaning cow
• In 1880, This person discovered attenuated vaccines against rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera.

  Louis Pasteur
• Who is the Father of Modern Microbiology?

  Louis Pasteur
• Who experimented on starfish larvae and was responsible for the cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis?

  Elie Metchnikoff
• This prominent individual discovered Diptheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria in 1890?

  Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato
• in 1891, delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was discovered by?

  Robert Koch
• in 1894, This person explained the functions of complement proteins.

  Jules Bordet
• Functions of Complement Proteins

  • Soluble factors that contribute to the inflammatory response
• in 1898, Debunked the side-chain theory of Antibody production.

  Paul Ehrlich
• in 1900, He discovered ABO blood group system?

  Karl Landsteiner
• IN 1902, Anaphylactic Hypersensitivity (Type I) was discovered by?

  Charles Richet and Paul Portier
• in 1903, discovered Arthus Reaction (Type III).

  Maurice Arthus