Non-bio/Psych treatment CLIN

• What is one non-biological treatment for schizophrenia mentioned?

  CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
• How is CBT adapted for schizophrenia patients?

  It is collaborative and flexible to their needs
• How many stages are there in the CBT process for schizophrenia?

  12 stages
• What is the focus of Stage 1 in CBT for schizophrenia?

  Identify symptoms and set goals
• What does the therapist do in Stage 1 of CBT?

  Asks disciplined questions and listens actively
• What are patients encouraged to identify in Stage 1?

  Stressors causing schizophrenia symptoms
• What type of goals are set in Stage 1?

  Realistic and measurable goals
• What coping mechanism is mentioned in Stage 1?

  Taking anti-psychotic drugs
• What model is used in Stage 2 of CBT?

  The ABC model
• What does 'A' represent in the ABC model?

  Activating events
• What does 'C' represent in the ABC model?

  Consequences
• How are consequences categorized in Stage 2?

  As emotional or behavioral
• What does the therapist emphasize in Stage 2?

  The connection between A and C
• What are false beliefs discussed in Stage 2?

  Beliefs causing emotional distress
• What strategies are taught for stressful situations in Stage 2?

  Stress thermometer and role play
• What is the focus of Step 3 in CBT?

  Maintaining therapy goals
• What anxieties are addressed in Step 3?

  Anxieties about treatment ending
• What is reviewed in Step 3?

  Therapy outcomes and early warning signs
• What does the evaluation by Rector suggest about CBT?

  CBT and routine care are more effective
• What improvement did Barrowclough find with group therapy?

  Improvement in negative symptoms like loneliness
• What did Jauhar conclude about CBT's effectiveness?

  It has a small, if any, therapeutic effect
• What did Hartling's meta-analysis find about antipsychotics?

  They are effective at reducing positive symptoms
• What might be more effective for symptom reduction than therapy?

  Drugs might be more effective
• What are the stages of CBT for schizophrenia?

  1. Identify symptoms and set goals
  2. Develop and practice coping strategies
  3. Maintain therapy goals
• What are the evaluation points regarding CBT for schizophrenia?

  • Rector: CBT with routine care is effective
  • Barrowclough: Group therapy improves negative symptoms
  • Jauhar: CBT has minimal therapeutic effect
  • Hartling: Antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms effectively
• ABC model

  • A stands for activating events
  • B stands for behaviour
  • C stands for consequences ( of activating events )
• In the ABC model patients are encouraged to establish connection between A and C for example hearing voices leading to social withdrawal. Afterwards the Patients false beliefs (b) may be discussed as the actual cause of these events and emotions