Hello (most formal) is a common greeting in North Korea and provincial South Korea, with the appropriate response being identical to "안녕하십니까" ( annyeong hasimnikka ).
Hello (formal) is common in South Korea, particularly to older people or those you meet first, with the appropriate response being "안녕하세요" ( annyeonghaseyo ).
Hello (informal) is used to your friend or younger people, with the appropriate response being "안녕" ( annyeong ).
Hello (on the phone) is used when answering the phone, with the appropriate response being "여보세요" ( yeoboseyo ).
How are you? is asked in Korean, with the appropriate response being "어떠십니까?" ( eotteo simnikka ).
Midnight in Korean is 자정 (jajeong).
The duration of time in Korean can be expressed in minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years.
The days of the week in Korean are 오늘 (oneul), 어제 (eoje), 내일 (naeil), 이번 주 (ibeon ju), 지난 주 (jinan ju), 다음 주 (da - eum ju), 일요일 (ir yoil), 월요일 (wor yoil), 화요일 (hwayoil), 수요일 (suyoil), 목요일 (mogyoil), 금요일 (geumyoil), 토요일 (toyoil).
Two o'clock PM in Korean is 오후 두 시 (ohu dusi).
The months in Korean are simply the Sino-Korean numbers 1 through 12 followed by the word 월 (month).
마구 ( magu ) 18
제일 ( jeil ) 17
덜 ( deol ) 13
무려 ( mur y e o ) 15
급기야 ( geupgiya)
더 ( deo ) 12
다행히 ( dahanghi)
불과 ( bulgwa ) 14
엄청 ( eomcheong ) 11
과연 ( gwaeyon)
너무 ( neomu ) 10
가장 ( gajang ) 16
절대로 ( jeoldae)
바로 ( baro)
저절로 ( jeojeolro)
물론 ( mulron)
불행히 ( bulhanghi)
유감스럽게도 ( y ugamsreopgaedo)
Fine, thank you is the response to "어떠십니까?" ( eotteo simnikka ), with the appropriate response being "잘 지냅니다, 감사합니다" (j al jinaemnida, gamsahamnida ).
How do you do? (formal) is used when meeting for the first time, with the appropriate response being "처음 뵙겠습니다" (cho e um poepgetsumnida).