Kidneys

• Kidney - filters blood, removes waste products, controls water balance, controls blood pressure, controls pH
• Too much water causses cells to swell and burst

  Too little water causes cells to shrink
• Inside the Kidneys:

  • nephrons
  • Tubule - can absorb small things eg water , glucose , amino acids , urea (filtration)
  • Capillaries - reabsorbs needed things
• selective reabsorbtion - water and ions are reabsorbed into the blood
• Hypothalamus too much water:

  1. signals pituitary gland
  2. Releases more ADH
  3. Tubules reabsorb more water
• Deamination -

  1. If the body has more amino acids than it converts them into lipids or carbohydrates
  2. Takes place in the liver.
  3. Downside is that it produces the waste product urea, which has to be excreted by the kidney. 
• Ureter - carries urine from kidneys to bladder
• Structure of kidneys

  A) Renal Veins

  B) Renal arteries

  C) In

  D) Out

  E) Urine

  F) Ureters

  G) Bladder

  H) Urethra

  
• Dialysis treatment diagram

  A) Partially permeablemembrane

  B) old

  C) new

  D) dialysis fluid

  
• Dialysis:

  Pros - always available

  Cons - time consuming (3-4 days a week for 3-4 hours) , expensive
• Kidney transplant:

  Pros - relatively cheap

  Cons - organ may be rejected , not enough organs