misc. gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli

Cards (8)

  • gram negative organisms
    • bacilli
    • pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    • coccobacilli
    • acinetobacter baumanii
    • haemophilus (para) influenza
    • moraxella catarrhalis
  • pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • non-lactose fermenting GNR
    • ubiquitous in soil, vegetation, water, and moist environmental hospital site (sinks, toilets, mechanical ventilation, dialysis equipment)
    • primarily opportunistic pathogen
  • pseudomonas infections
    • largely associated w/ hospital acquired infections
    • hospital acquired or ventilator acquired pneumonia
    • risk factors: mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, CF
    • catheter related infections (bacteremia, complicated UTIs)
    • surgical site infections (especially diabetic and burn wounds)
  • multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms
    • efflux pumps upregulation --> decreased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics
    • downregulation of porin OprD --> decreases susceptibility to carbapenems
    • inducible AmpC beta lactamases --> decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins
    • extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)
  • stenotrophomonas maltophilia
    • non-lactose fermenting GNR
    • ubiquitous in nature and opportunistic hospital acquired pathogen
    • most commonly associated w/ ventilator associated pneumonia
    • laboratory diagnosis: culture
    • treatment challenging d/t resistance to many antibiotics
    • drug of choice: sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
  • acinetobacter baumanii
    • non-lactose fermenting gram negative coccobacilli
    • ubiquitous in nature and opportunistic pathogen
    • hospital and healthcare associated infections
    • HAP/VAP
    • catheter assocaited infections (bacteremia, UTIs)
    • laboratory diagnosis: culture
    • treatment can be challenging d/t resistance to many antibiotics
  • haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae
    • gram negative coccobacilli
    • opportunistic pathogens (non-encapsulated strains colonize resp tract)
    • community acquired respiratory infections
    • sinusitis, bronchitis, lower resp tract infections
    • laboratory diagnosis: culture
  • moraxella catarrhalis
    • gram negative coccobacilli or diplococcus
    • community acquired respiratory infections
    • CAP
    • COPD
    • otitis media (children)
    • lab diagnosis: culture