Save
PHAR 541
misc. gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Learn
Created by
Moira Lucero
Visit profile
Cards (8)
gram negative organisms
bacilli
pseudomonas
aeruginosa
stenotrophomonas
maltophilia
coccobacilli
acinetobacter
baumanii
haemophilus
(para) influenza
moraxella
catarrhalis
pseudomonas aeruginosa
non-lactose
fermenting
GNR
ubiquitous in soil, vegetation, water, and moist environmental hospital site (sinks, toilets, mechanical ventilation, dialysis equipment)
primarily
opportunistic
pathogen
pseudomonas infections
largely associated w/
hospital
acquired infections
hospital
acquired or
ventilator
acquired pneumonia
risk factors: mechanical ventilation, prolonged hospitalization, CF
catheter
related infections (
bacteremia
, complicated
UTIs
)
surgical
site infections (especially diabetic and burn wounds)
multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms
efflux pumps upregulation --> decreased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics
downregulation of porin OprD --> decreases susceptibility to carbapenems
inducible
AmpC
beta
lactamases
-->
decreased
susceptibility to
cephalosporins
extended
spectrum
beta
lactamases
(ESBL)
stenotrophomonas maltophilia
non-lactose
fermenting
GNR
ubiquitous in nature and
opportunistic
hospital
acquired pathogen
most commonly associated w/
ventilator
associated pneumonia
laboratory diagnosis: culture
treatment challenging d/t resistance to many antibiotics
drug of choice:
sulfamethoxazole
/
trimethoprim
acinetobacter baumanii
non-lactose
fermenting gram
negative
coccobacilli
ubiquitous in nature and opportunistic pathogen
hospital
and
healthcare
associated infections
HAP
/
VAP
catheter
assocaited infections (
bacteremia
,
UTIs
)
laboratory diagnosis: culture
treatment can be challenging d/t resistance to many antibiotics
haemophilus influenzae and parainfluenzae
gram
negative
coccobacilli
opportunistic pathogens (non-encapsulated strains colonize resp tract)
community
acquired
respiratory
infections
sinusitis, bronchitis, lower resp tract infections
laboratory diagnosis: culture
moraxella catarrhalis
gram
negative
coccobacilli
or
diplococcus
community
acquired
respiratory
infections
CAP
COPD
otitis media (children)
lab diagnosis: culture