biology b7

• What is the definition of coronary heart disease (CHD)?

  layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries - narrowing them, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart. It occurs when coronary arteries narrow.
• What happens to blood flow in coronary heart disease?

  Blood flow is reduced, leading to less oxygen.
• What can result from reduced oxygen for the heart muscle?

  It can lead to heart attacks.
• What are the treatments for coronary heart disease?

  • Stents
  • Statins
  • Heart valve replacement
  • Transplants
  • Artificial hearts
• What is a stent used for in coronary heart disease treatment?

  To keep blocked coronary arteries open.
• What is one advantage of using a stent?

  It allows more blood to flow to the heart.
• What is a disadvantage of stent surgery?

  It can involve major surgery risks.
• What do statins do?

  They reduce blood cholesterol levels.
• What is one advantage of statins?

  They can prevent CHD from developing.
• What is a disadvantage of taking statins?

  They can cause side effects like muscle pain.
• What is the purpose of replacing faulty heart valves?

  To control blood flow through the heart.
• What is one advantage of heart valve replacement?

  It provides a long-term cure for faulty valves.
• What is a disadvantage of heart valve replacement surgery?

  It carries risks of infection and blood loss.
• What is one advantage of using artificial hearts?

  They can keep patients alive while waiting.
• What is a heart transplant?

  A procedure to replace a failing heart.
• What is a disadvantage of heart transplants?

  Transplants may be rejected without a match.
• What factors can affect health?

  • Communicable diseases
  • Non-communicable diseases
  • Diet
  • Stress
  • Exercise
  • Life situations

  
• What is a risk factor?

  It increases the risk of disease development.
• How does obesity affect health?

  It can lead to Type 2 diabetes.
• What is the effect of long-term alcohol use?

  It causes liver cirrhosis and brain damage.
• What can smoking lead to?

  It can cause lung disease and cancers.
• What are carcinogens?

  Substances that can cause cancer.
• What is the difference between malignant and benign tumours?

  Malignant tumours invade and spread; benign do not.
• What is cancer caused by?

  Changes in cells leading to uncontrolled growth.
• What can high rates of lifestyle risk factors cause?

  High rates of non-communicable diseases.

  
• What are the costs associated with treating non-communicable diseases?

  • High costs for individuals
  • Financial burden on the Government
  • Increased healthcare spending