LEA 1N Evolution of Policing in the International Setting

• Anglo-saxon refers to Ancient England.
• Anglo-saxon lasted from 600-1066 AD (Ante Domini)
• Thanes Policing System was introduced by King Alfred the Great wherein an Internal Police Force was established.
• The internal police force under the Thanes Policing System allowed land owners to police their territory, arrest and deliver to the king, and settle disputes.
• Frankpledge Policing System (Mutual Pledge) requires every male over 12 years old to join nine of his neighbors to form a tythingmen.
• Tythingmen is made up of 10 males.
• Tythings is doing police works and not joining or failing to do your duty will get you severely find.
• The policing responsibility of the frankpledge policing system lies on the hand of the citizen.
• The Tun Policing System required all men residents to guard the town to preserve peace and order, protect life and property of the people and suppress the factors affecting peace and order.
• Tun was the forerunner of the word "town".
• Under the Hue and Cry Policing System, the complainant or victim will go to the middle of the community and shout to call all male residents to assemble.
• The complainant or victim may also use a "Horn" to make a noise to attract the attention of the males.
• Once the horn or noise is heard by male residents, they will automatically assemble to go after the criminal and apprehend him.
• The Royal Judge System works by having the Royal Judge conducts criminal investigation and gives appropriate punishment for the crime committed.
• The royal judge that works for the king is also known as the Roving Official to catch robbers and murderers.
• The Royal Judge System introduced the Criminal Investigation, Identification of Criminals, and Punishment of Criminals.
• Trial by ordeal requires a suspect to perform any act which may hurt him.
• Under trial by ordeal, if the suspect was hurt, the society will consider him guilty, otherwise, he is considered innocent.
• An example of Trial by Ordeal is Boiling water ordeal which is not a punishment but rather an ancient form of challenge to determine the guilt or innocence of a person.
• Trial by Ordeal is in accordance with the belief by the people that "God will protect the innocent one from being hurt."
• The founding concept of trial by ordeal is "Dei Indium" meaning "In God's Will (Judicium Dei)"
• "Dura led, Sed lex" is a latin maxim which means the law is harsh but it is the law.
• "Nullem Crimen Sine Lege" is a latin phrase which meant - No crime without a law.
• The normal period was from 1066-1285
• Shire-Reeve System was introduced by King William Norman of England where he divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known as shire-reeves.
• Shire - district; composed of 100 families called hundreds headed by a hundredsmen aka High Constable (Tythings).
• Reeve is used to refer to the ruler of the district who made laws, rendered judgments and imposed penalties.
• Shire-reeve is the forerunner of the word "Sheriff".
• Court of the Tourn settles a range and deals more often with petty (light offenses) and civil matters.
• The Court of the Tourn selects 12 tythingmen to hear serious cases.
• Court Leet looked after matters of purely local interest and petty village nuisance. The head of the court was appointed by the King to be the "Master of the House".
• Under Court Leet, Comes Table was also appointed by the King to keep the peace and order in a specific area.
• Under Court Leet, Appointee who is under the responsibility of local officials who could petition to remove him if did not perform properly.
• Comes Table became Constable which is used today to refer to members of the police force.
• Legis Henry (Law of King Henry I) is a period wherein law violations were classified as offenses against the King and Policemen were considered as public officials.
• Under Legis Henry, police and the citizens (Citizen's Arrest) were given power to conduct arrest.
• Under Legis Henry, the Grand Jury (Chief Justice) was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
• Keepers of the Peace was issued by King Richard of England in 1195 wherein it requires the appointment of knights to keep the King's Peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates (checkpoint) while checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns.
• Magna Carta (Great Charter) of King John of England (June 15, 1215) became a law upon the demand of the knights of the round table.
• The magna carta declared the following; no freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disposed, outlawed, or bound except by legal judgment of his peers. This was the Beginning of Due Process of Law.