Amines and amides

    Cards (25)

    • Ammonia is a primary amine
    • When naming amines, the longest parent chain is numbered and becomes the root of the name. Any other alkyl groups are treated as branches and are given N notation. C6H5 groups are annotated as phenyl-
    • primary and secondary amines are able to form hydrogen bonds, whereas tertiary amines can only form dipole-dipole forces
    • Polar bonds form in all amines due to the difference in electronegativity between the N and C
    • Quaternary ammonium salts are giant ionic structures
    • In quaternary ammonium salts, strong attractions between oppositely charged ions need to be broken to melt the salt
    • Amines have a trigonal pyramidal shape with a bond angle of 107
    • quaternary ammonium salts have a tetrahedral shape and a bond angle of 109.5
    • The lone pair on an amine may form a bond with a delta positive carbon atom. The amine is acting as an electron pair donor or nucleophile
    • The lone pair on an amine may be used to form a bond with a H+ ion. The amine is acting as a proton acceptor or base
    • Type of amine...
      A) primary
      B) secondary
      C) tertiary
    • Type of amine...
      A) Aromatic
      B) Aliphatic
    • If a secondary or tertiary amines have identical groups, add the appropriate multiplier to the root
      A) Diethylamine
      B) Trimethylamine
    • To name a primary amide where the amine group is on the end of the chain: write the root, add 'yl', and write the suffix 'amine'
      A) Methylamine
      B) Ethylamine
    • To name a primary amide where the amine group is NOT on the end of the chain: write the root, add 'an', write a position number, and write the suffix 'amine'
      A) 3-methylbutan-2-amine
    • When the amine group is not the highest priority group, the prefix 'amino-' is used
    • To name a primary amide: write the root, add 'an', and add the suffix 'amide'
      A) Methanamide
      B) Ethanamide
    • Classification of amides...
      A) primary
      B) secondary
      C) tertiary
    • To name a secondary amide, we treat the chain without the carbonyl group as a substituent. We write the name of the main chain and add the substituent as a prefix, writing 'N' before it, to show it's bonded to nitrogen
      A) N-methylpropanamide
    • To name a tertiary amide with identical substituents, add the multiplier before the prefix, and include two N
      A) N,N-dimethylpropanamide
    • To name a tertiary amide with two different substituents, write them in alphabetical order and include N before each substituent
      A) N-ethyl-N-methylpropanamide
    • Small amines and amides are highly soluble due to forming hydrogen bonds
    • Aromatic amines can be used to make azo compounds, used in dyes
    • Azo compounds have an N=N
    • Azo dyes added to food are known as E-numbers
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