When naming amines, the longest parent chain is numbered and becomes the root of the name. Any other alkyl groups are treated as branches and are given N notation. C6H5 groups are annotated as phenyl-
primary and secondary amines are able to form hydrogen bonds, whereas tertiary amines can only form dipole-dipole forces
Polar bonds form in all amines due to the difference in electronegativity between the N and C
Quaternary ammonium salts are giant ionic structures
In quaternary ammonium salts, strong attractions between oppositely charged ions need to be broken to melt the salt
Amines have a trigonal pyramidal shape with a bond angle of 107
quaternary ammonium salts have a tetrahedral shape and a bond angle of 109.5
The lone pair on an amine may form a bond with a delta positive carbon atom. The amine is acting as an electron pair donor or nucleophile
The lone pair on an amine may be used to form a bond with a H+ ion. The amine is acting as a proton acceptor or base
Type of amine...
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
Type of amine...
A) Aromatic
B) Aliphatic
If a secondary or tertiary amines have identical groups, add the appropriate multiplier to the root
A) Diethylamine
B) Trimethylamine
To name a primary amide where the amine group is on the end of the chain: write the root, add 'yl', and write the suffix 'amine'
A) Methylamine
B) Ethylamine
To name a primary amide where the amine group is NOT on the end of the chain: write the root, add 'an', write a position number, and write the suffix 'amine'
A) 3-methylbutan-2-amine
When the amine group is not the highest priority group, the prefix 'amino-' is used
To name a primary amide: write the root, add 'an', and add the suffix 'amide'
A) Methanamide
B) Ethanamide
Classification of amides...
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
To name a secondary amide, we treat the chain without the carbonyl group as a substituent. We write the name of the main chain and add the substituent as a prefix, writing 'N' before it, to show it's bonded to nitrogen
A) N-methylpropanamide
To name a tertiary amide with identical substituents, add the multiplier before the prefix, and include two N
A) N,N-dimethylpropanamide
To name a tertiary amide with two different substituents, write them in alphabetical order and include N before each substituent
A) N-ethyl-N-methylpropanamide
Small amines and amides are highly soluble due to forming hydrogen bonds
Aromatic amines can be used to make azo compounds, used in dyes