Classification

• Owen (2012)


  Reviewed 41 movies with a schizophrenic character
• What are the issues with Owen's study

  80% were male

  83% engaged in violent or dangerous behaviours

  33% were murderers

  All treated with drugs
• What are the misconceptions of schizophrenia

  Men suffer more than men

  They're always aggressive

  It's all to do with split personality

  Multiple personalities

  Psychotic behaviour
• How much of the population have schizophrenia

  1%- 250,000 in the UK, 2.2 million in the US
• What is classification


  Putting the symptoms into categories/groups
• What is diagnosing


  Identifying the disorder by looking at its symptoms
• Who diagnoses patients


  Doctors or clinicians— they use classification systems to help them make accurate diagnosis
• What is the most widely used to classify

  America- DSM-V

  Europe- ICD-10
• What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

  Those that appear to reflect an EXCESS or DISTORTION of normal functions
• What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

  Those that appear to reflect a REDUCTION or LOSS of normal functions- weaken a person's ability to cope with everyday activities
• What is alogia


  Speed poverty- when a person loses their ability to speak fluently and is believed to occur due to slowing down or blocked thoughts
• Affective flattening


  When a person experiences a reduction in the range of their emotions expressions, for example tone of voice, facial expressions and eye contact
• Anhedonia


  A generally loss of interest or pleasure in everyday life activities
• Avolition


  A reduction in or inability to initiate or engage in goal directed behaviours

  Eg. A person might just sit in their house and not do anything
• Catatonic behaviour


  Characterised by abnormal motor activity where a person may experience loss of motor skills or extreme active motor skills
• Delusions


  Bizarre beliefs that a person believes are real. In schizophrenia these beliefs can be paranoid in nature or can be self-directed and involve and inflated amount of power
• Hallucinations


  False perceptions that can affect the different sense

  Eg they can be auditory visual tactile or even olfactory
• Classification of SZ DSM-5

  1. Must disrupt major areas of functioning such as work and self care

  2. Signs must persist for at least 6 months

  3. Schizoaffective disorder has been ruled out

  4. Not due to substance abuse

  5. Two or more of the following: if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations are a running commentary
• What are the symptoms of SZ according to DSM-5

  Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms such as: speech poverty and avolition
• DSM-V (2013) Classification is SZ- criterion A

  Two or more of the following: Delusions, Disorganised speech, grossly disorganised catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms
• Criterion B- social/occupational dysfunction

  For a significant portion of time since onset, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to onset
• Criterion C- Duration


  Continuous signs of disturbance persists for at least 6 months- includes at least 1 month of symptoms which meet criterion A

  During non-active periods, disturbance may be limited to negative symptoms or two or more symptoms in Criterion A in attenuated form eg. Odd beliefs