Pharma Anes

• Answer E

   The state of “general anesthesia” usually includes: A. Analgesia B. Loss of consciousness

  C. Inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes

  D. Amnesia

  E. All of the above
• Answer A

   Inhaled anesthetics and intravenous agents having general anesthetic properties: A. Directly activate GABAA receptors B. Facilitate GABA action but have no direct action on GABAA receptors C. Reduce the excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission D. Increase the duration of opening of nicotine-activated potassium channels
• Answer C

  Ideal stage for surgery. A. Stage 1 B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV
• Answer C

   A 43-year-old man underwent surgery to remove a prostatic cancer. Sevoflurane was used for general anesthesia. The drug has a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 2%. Which of the following best describes the MAC of an inhalational anesthetic? A. The blood/gas partition coefficient of the anesthetic B. The concentration of anesthetic needed for short surgery C. The ED50 on a conventional quantal dose−response curve D. The maximal efficacy of the anesthetic E. The concentration of anesthetic in the inspired air
• Answer B

   Which of the following produces a state of “dissociative anesthesia”? A. Etomidate B. Ketamine C. Dexmedetomidine D. Fentanyl E. Thiopental
• Answer D

   Which of the following is the drug of choice for malignant hyperthermia? A. Fospropofol B. Flumazenil C. Naloxone D. Dantrolene E. Halothane
• Answer B

   Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has antiemetic actions? A. Thiopental B. Propofol C. Ketamine D. Fentanyl E. Etomidate
• Answer A

   Which local anesthetic is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase? A. Tetracaine B. Bupivacaine C. Lidocaine D. Ropivacaine E. All of the above
• Answer B

   The most cardiotoxic local anesthetic: A. Benzocaine B. Bupivacaine C. Lidocaine D. Procaine E. Tetracaine
• Answer A

   A 27-year-old woman underwent a minor suture procedure for a skin cut on her right leg. A local anesthetic was injected around the wound to provide regional anesthesia. Blockade of which of the following ion channels most likely mediated the pharmacological effect of the drug in the patient? A. Inactivated, voltage-gated Na+ channels B. Resting, voltage-gated K+ channels C. Activated, ligand-gated Ca2+ channels D. Inactivated, ligand-gated K+ channels E. Resting, ligand-gated Na+ channels
• Answer C

   A vasoconstrictor added to a solution of lidocaine for a peripheral nerve block will A. Decrease the risk of a seizure B. Increase the duration of anesthetic action of the local anesthetic C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
• Answer B

   Prilocaine is relatively contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary disease because the drug A. Acts as an antagonist at β adrenoceptors in the heart and the lung B. Causes decompensation through formation of methemoglobin C. Inhibits cyclooxygenase in cardiac and pulmonary cells D. Is a potent bronchoconstrictor E. None of the above
• Answer B

   The only ester-type anesthesia not metabolized by pseudocholinesterase: A. Benzocaine B. Cocaine C. Tetracaine D. Procaine E. Chlorprocaine
• Answer B

   The metabolite of atracurium that causes seizures: A. Cisatracurium B. Laudanosine C. Ortho-toluidine D. Ethanol E. None of the above
• Answer D

   All are nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants, except: A. Pancuronium B. Atracurium C. Rocuronium D. Succinylcholine E. None of the above
• A 49-year-old man diagnosed with inguinal hernia was prepared for surgery. Shortly after the initiation of general anesthesia with halothane and succinylcholine, the patient developed muscle rigidity, tachycardia, labile BP, profuse diaphoresis, and high fever (40.1°C). The anesthesia was discontinued at once, and a drug was administered by rapid intravenous push. Which of the following was most likely the mechanism of action of the administered drug? A. Blockade of Ca2+ channels in the skeletal muscle membrane B. Blockade of Ca2+ channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

  Answer B
• The drug inactivated in plasma by spontaneous non-enzymatic degradation is: A. Atracurium B. Mivacurium C. Vecuronium D. Pancuronium E. Rocuronium

  Answer A
• A 10-year-old boy diagnosed with hereditary spastic paraparesis 2 years ago was treated with several spasmolytic drugs with limited success. Recently, the neurologist prescribed another spasmolytic agent that acts as an α2-receptor agonist in the spinal cord. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed? A. Diazepam B. Baclofen C. Dantrolene D. Mivacurium E. Tizanidine

  Answer E
• Five new potential inhalational anesthetics (P, Q, R, S, and T) were tested in laboratory animals. Some pharmacological parameters of each drug are recorded in the table below:

  Which of the following drugs has the highest potency? Answer S