Sociological

• What are the strengths of Social Structure theory?

  • Addresses root causes of crime
  • Considers environmental impacts
  • Links economic deprivation to crime
• What are the limitations of Social Structure theory?

  • Ignores individual differences
  • Excludes non-structural influences
  • Undermines personal responsibility
• What are the strengths of Marxism in explaining crime?

  • Covers all social classes
  • Highlights selective law enforcement
  • Reflects power differences in law
• What are the limitations of Marxism in explaining crime?

  • Ignores non-class inequalities
  • Overstates crime in working-class
  • Few prosecutions for white-collar crime
• What are the limitations of Functionalism in understanding crime?

  • Ignores non-class inequalities
  • Overlooks class systems
  • Outdated perspectives
• What are the strengths of Strain Theory?

  • Links social structure to crime
  • Highlights community crime rates
  • Addresses detrimental social expectations
• What are the limitations of Strain Theory?

  • Doesn't explain individual crime choices
  • Neglects personal values and mental health
  • Fails to explain sexual violence
• What are the strengths of Interactionism - The Labelling Theory?

  • Shows discriminatory law enforcement
  • Highlights media's role in deviance
  • Warns against amplifying deviant behavior
• What are the limitations of Interactionism - The Labelling Theory?

  • Doesn't explain why deviance occurs
  • Ignores crime victims
  • Labels don't always lead to self-fulfilling prophecies
• What are the strengths of Right Realism?

  • Influences government crime research
  • Offers practical crime solutions
  • Supports findings on family structure and crime
• What are the limitations of Right Realism?

  • Accepts crime statistics too readily
  • Ignores structural causes of crime
  • Enforces extreme policies
• What are the strengths of Left Realism?

  • Explores victim roles in crime
  • Recognizes multiple crime causes
  • Offers practical community solutions
• What are the limitations of Left Realism?

  • Doesn't explain why some don't commit crime
  • Mixture of other theories
  • Fails to address white-collar crime
• What are the strengths of Status Frustration Theory?

  • Explains youth deviance from frustration
  • Framework for subculture development
  • Emphasizes social pressures on youth
• What are the limitations of Status Frustration Theory?

  • Overemphasizes class-based frustration
  • Doesn't address other socio-economic backgrounds
  • Not all deviance is frustration-related
• What are the strengths of Subculture Theory?

  • Insights into gang and subculture formation
  • Provides belonging and identity
  • Explains group-based deviance
• What are the limitations of Subculture Theory?

  • Focuses heavily on working-class youth
  • Western-centric perspective
  • May not apply to non-Western societies