research methods- variables

• Why are extraneous variables a concern in experiments?

  They can mess up your experiment results
• In an experiment testing sleep effects on test scores, what could be an extraneous variable?

  Stress levels or diet
• What is a dependent variable?

  What we measure to see the effect
• What is the role of the dependent variable in an experiment?

  • It is what we measure
  • It shows the effect of the independent variable
• How does the dependent variable relate to the independent variable?

  It is affected by the independent variable
• What are the key differences between independent and extraneous variables in a table format?

  | Variable | What You Change | Potential Influence | Control Needed |

  |---------------|------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------|

  | Independent | Yes | Causes the effect | No need to control |

  | Extraneous | No | Could affect the outcome | Should be controlled |
• What is the control needed for extraneous variables?

  Should be controlled
• How do extraneous variables affect the validity of an experiment?

  They can introduce bias and confound results
• What is an independent variable (IV)?

  It is what you change to see effects
• What are extraneous variables?

  Factors that could affect results but aren't studied
• What is a dependent variable (DV)?

  It is what you measure to see effects
• What are the three types of variables in a research study?

  Independent, dependent, and extraneous variables
• What is the role of an independent variable?

  • Causes the effect
  • What you change in an experiment
• What is the role of a dependent variable?

  • Affected by the independent variable
  • What you measure in an experiment
• What role does the dependent variable (DV) play in a study?

  Shows the effect
• If you measure test scores based on sleep, what is the DV?

  Test scores
• What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?

  It causes the effect being measured
• Why should temperature be controlled in the light and plant growth experiment?

  To avoid affecting plant growth outcomes
• What are independent variables in an experiment?

  Factors you change to see effects
• If you change the amount of sleep students get, what is the IV?

  Amount of sleep
• What are extraneous variables?

  Other factors that could influence results
• In an experiment testing light's effect on plant growth, what is the independent variable?

  The amount of light
• Compare the roles of independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

  • Independent Variable:
  • Changed by the researcher
  • Causes the effect
  • Dependent Variable:
  • Measured by the researcher
  • Affected by the independent variable
• What is the control needed for independent variables?

  No need to control
• How do independent variables differ from extraneous variables?

  • Independent Variables:
  • What you change in an experiment
  • Causes the effect
  • No need to control
  • Extraneous Variables:
  • Other factors that could influence results
  • Should be controlled
• How do independent and dependent variables interact in an experiment?

  IV causes changes measured by DV
• What is the potential influence of extraneous variables?

  They could affect the outcome of the experiment
• What is the role of extraneous variables in an experiment?

  They could influence test scores unintentionally
• What is the role of dependent variables in an experiment?

  They show the effect of the independent variable
• What are dependent variables?

  What you measure in an experiment
• In an experiment testing sleep's effect on test scores, what is the dependent variable?

  Test scores
• What is the definition and control needed for extraneous variables?

  • Definition: Factors that could affect results but aren't being studied
  • Control Needed: Should be minimized or controlled
• Why is it important to control extraneous variables in an experiment?

  To ensure they do not unintentionally affect results
• What is the definition of a dependent variable (DV)?

  Factor measured to see if it changes
• What is the importance of controlling extraneous variables in research?

  • Ensures valid results
  • Reduces potential interference
  • Increases reliability of findings
• What is the definition of an independent variable (IV)?

  Factor changed by the researcher
• What role does the independent variable (IV) play in a study?

  Causes the effect
• What is the relationship between independent variables and experimental results?

  • Independent variable: factor you change
  • Affects the results of the experiment
  • Controlled to observe effects on dependent variables
• How do dependent and extraneous variables differ in an experiment?

  • Dependent variables: measured to see changes
  • Extraneous variables: other factors that may affect results
• What role do extraneous variables play in a study?

  Can interfere with results