Properties of metals and alloys

• How does the arrangement of atoms in metals contribute to their malleability?

  Atoms are arranged in layers that slide easily
• What are the key features of the electron sea model?

  • Metallic atoms have a sea of delocalized electrons
  • Positive metal ions are embedded in the electron sea
  • Electrons can move freely through the metal
  • This explains the high electrical and thermal conductivity of metals
• How does the electron sea model explain the high electrical conductivity of metals?

  The delocalized electrons can move freely through the metal, allowing for high electrical conductivity
• How does the flow of electrons in metals relate to electrical energy?

  Electrons carry electrical energy through the metal
• What are delocalized electrons?

  Electrons that move freely between metal ions
• How does the electron sea model differ from the ionic bonding model?

  In the electron sea model, electrons are delocalized, while in ionic bonding, electrons are completely transferred between atoms
• What does malleability allow metals to do?

  • Be hammered or pressed into shapes
  • Maintain structural integrity while being shaped
  • Be used in various applications like car bodies
• What happens when an electric charge is applied to metals?

  Delocalized electrons flow easily through the metal
• How does the conductivity of copper benefit household wiring?

  It efficiently carries electricity to appliances
• What role does metallic bonding play in the malleability of metals?

  It allows metals to be shaped without breaking
• How does malleability apply to car body manufacturing?

  Metals can be shaped into required forms
• How can you manipulate copper due to its malleability?

  You can bend copper wires without cracking
• What can you do with gold due to its malleability?

  You can hammer it into thin sheets
• What is conductivity?

  How well a material can carry electricity or heat
• What are the three types of alloys based on the solubility of their components?

  • Completely soluble
  • Partially soluble
  • Completely insoluble
• What is the difference between a solid solution and a mixture of solid solutions?

  • Solid solution: Components are completely soluble in each other
  • Mixture of solid solutions: Components are partially soluble in each other
• What is the key difference between the electron sea model and the atomic model?

  • Atomic model: Atoms have discrete, localized electrons
  • Electron sea model: Atoms have a sea of delocalized electrons
• What model explains why metals conduct electricity well?

  Electron sea model
• What is the name of the model shown in the image?

  Electron sea model
• Why are metals like copper considered good conductors?

  They have free-moving electrons that move easily
• Why is aluminum chosen for construction applications?

  It is lightweight, malleable, and corrosion-resistant
• How do metal atoms contribute to electrical conductivity?

  They release outer electrons to form a sea
• How can the solubility of the components in an alloy be determined from the image?

  • Completely soluble: Components are evenly distributed
  • Partially soluble: Components form regions of solid solutions
  • Completely insoluble: Components form distinct crystallites
• What is the definition of malleability?

  The ability of a metal to be shaped
• Which metal is used in construction due to its lightweight and malleability?

  Aluminum
• If the components of an alloy are evenly distributed, what can you conclude about their solubility?

  They are completely soluble
• How do the components of a partially soluble alloy appear in the solid state?

  As a mixture of solid solutions
• How do the solubility characteristics of the components in an alloy affect the microstructure of the alloy?

  Completely soluble components form a solid solution, partially soluble components form a mixture of solid solutions, and completely insoluble components form a mixture of pure crystallites
• What is the state called when the components of an alloy are completely insoluble in each other?

  Mixture of pure crystallites
• What is the name given to the state where the components of an alloy are completely soluble in each other?

  Solid solution
• What are the characteristics of good conductors and their applications?

  • Good conductors have free-moving electrons
  • Metals like copper and aluminum are examples
  • Used in electrical wiring and heat exchangers
• How are atoms arranged in solid solutions?

  Atoms of different metals are evenly distributed
• What metal is used for household items like cooking pots?

  Stainless steel
• What characterizes mixtures of solid solutions in alloys?

  Some areas have more of one metal than others
• How can the concept of a fruit salad be related to alloys?

  • Alloys combine different metals
  • Create better properties than pure metals
  • Similar to mixing fruits for enhanced flavor and nutrition
• Why are alloys designed?

  To enhance properties like strength and durability
• What analogy is used to explain the malleability of metals?

  Stacking pancakes that can shift without falling
• What defines mixtures of pure crystallites in alloys?

  Metals form distinct separate crystals
• How do the structures of alloys affect their properties?

  They disrupt the regular metal lattice, enhancing strength
• Why are alloys generally stronger and more durable than pure metals?

  Because their structures disrupt the regular metal lattice