Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons

• How can subatomic particles be compared to LEGO bricks?

  They build the structure of the atom
• What are the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

  • Proton: Charge +1, Mass 1 amu, Location Nucleus
  • Neutron: Charge 0, Mass 1 amu, Location Nucleus
  • Electron: Charge -1, Mass ≈0 amu, Location Electron cloud
• How do the locations of the main atomic particles compare?

  • Electrons orbit the nucleus in the electron shell
  • Protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus
• How do the masses of the main atomic particles compare?

  • Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass
  • Electrons have a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons
• What is the name of the outermost layer of an atom?

  Electron shell
• How do subatomic particles determine an atom's properties?

  They influence how the atom interacts with others
• What are the three fundamental subatomic particles?

  Protons, neutrons, electrons
• What is the name of the positively charged particle in an atom?

  Proton
• What are the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?

  • Protons: Identity and positive charge
  • Neutrons: Add mass, no charge
  • Electrons: Orbit nucleus, negative charge
• Where are protons located in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• What is the charge of a proton?

  Positive
• Where are electrons located in an atom?

  In the electron cloud
• How does the number of protons affect an element?

  It determines the element's atomic number and identity
• Where are protons located in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• What is the charge of an electron?

  -1
• What charge do protons carry?

  Positive charge (+1)
• Why are protons considered the heaviest subatomic particles?

  Because they have a mass of approximately 1 amu
• How do the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons interact with each other?

  • Opposite charges (protons and electrons) attract
  • Same charges (protons and protons, electrons and electrons) repel
  • Neutrons have no charge, so they do not directly interact with protons or electrons
• What are the key differences between protons, neutrons, and electrons?

  • Protons: Positively charged, in the nucleus
  • Neutrons: Neutral, in the nucleus
  • Electrons: Negatively charged, orbiting the nucleus
• How do the relative charges and locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons determine the overall charge and stability of an atom?

  • The number of protons and electrons determines the overall charge of the atom
  • The number of neutrons affects the stability of the nucleus
  • Atoms are electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons
• What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units?

  Approximately 1 amu
• How can the addition or removal of electrons affect the charge and properties of an atom?

  • Adding electrons gives the atom a negative charge (forming an anion)
  • Removing electrons gives the atom a positive charge (forming a cation)
  • This can change the atom's chemical reactivity and bonding behavior
• How do neutrons compare to protons in terms of mass?

  Neutrons have a similar mass to protons
• What are the key characteristics of protons?

  • Located in the nucleus
  • Carry a positive charge (+1)
  • Heaviest subatomic particles
  • Mass of approximately 1 amu
  • Determine atomic number and identity of elements
• What are the main components of an atom?

  • Electron shell
  • Nucleus
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
• What role do neutrons play in the nucleus?

  They contribute to overall mass and stability
• What are the relative masses of the fundamental particles shown in the image?

  • Proton mass: $1.672 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$
  • Neutron mass: $1.675 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$
  • Electron mass: $9.109 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}$
• What is the charge of a neutron?

  0
• What are the key characteristics of neutrons?

  • Charge: Neutral
  • Location: Nucleus
  • Mass: 1 amu
• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• Where are electrons located in an atom?

  In an area called the electron cloud
• How do the masses of the proton, neutron, and electron compare?

  • The proton and neutron have similar masses, around $1.672-1.675 \times 10^{-27} \text{ kg}$
  • The electron has a much smaller mass, around $9.109 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}$, which is about 1/1800th the mass of the proton or neutron.
• What is the mass of an electron?

  $9.109 \times 10^{-31} \text{ kg}$
• What is the mass of a neutron in atomic mass units?

  1 amu
• What is the significance of the electron cloud in an atom?

  It is where electrons are found around the nucleus
• What is the mass of an electron in kg?

  $9.109 \times 10^{-31}$
• How do the locations of protons and electrons differ?

  Protons are in the nucleus, electrons orbit
• What is the mass of a neutron in kg?

  $1.675 \times 10^{-27}$
• Why are neutrons important for the stability of the nucleus?

  They help stabilize the nucleus's overall mass
• What are electrons?

  Tiny particles located outside the nucleus