bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  Process by which plants make glucose
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO​2
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H​2​O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O​2
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C​6​H​12​O​6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Amount of chlorophyll

  
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Rate increases until enzymes denature
• How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Higher light intensity increases the rate
• What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

  It is needed to make glucose
• What happens if chlorophyll levels are reduced?

  The rate of photosynthesis decreases
• How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?

  By measuring oxygen production
• Describe the experimental setup to measure photosynthesis rate.

  • Pondweed in a test tube with water
  • Sealed with a bung
  • Capillary tube connected to a syringe
  • Lamp placed at a measured distance
  • Measure oxygen bubble movement
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  An environmental condition restricting the rate
• How is a graph used to represent limiting factors?

  One line levels off with one limiting factor
• What does it mean if a graph has two lines?

  It represents two limiting factors in experiments
• How is light intensity measured?

  In lux
• What is the inverse square law?

  Light intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared
• If a lamp is 2 meters away, what is the light intensity?

  It is a ¼ of its original value
• What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?

  1. For respiration
  2. Converted into insoluble starch for storage
  3. To produce fat or oil for storage
  4. To produce cellulose for cell walls
  5. Combined with nitrates to form amino acids
• What is respiration?

  Process of transferring energy from glucose
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What happens during exercise regarding respiration?

  More energy and oxygen are needed
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration that uses oxygen
• Where do most aerobic respiration reactions occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C​6​H​12​O​6​ + O​2​ → CO​2​ + H​2​O
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration that occurs without enough oxygen
• What is produced in anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Lactic acid
• What is produced in anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is oxygen debt?

  Extra oxygen needed after exercise
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is transported to the liver
• What is metabolism?

  Sum of all reactions in a cell