transport across the cell membrane

• what are lipid soluble substances

  small uncharged molecules and non-polar substances that can diffuse across the cell membrane
• what are examples of small uncharged molecules

  oxygen and CO2
• how are lipid soluble substances transported across the cell membrane

  they dissolve in the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids and diffuse across
• how do nonpolar substances diffuse across the cell membrane

  they dissolve in the phospholipids
• what are water soluble substances

  polar molecules that cannot easily diffuse through the phospholipids of a cell membrane
• how do water soluble substances pass through the cell membrane

  through intrinsic protein molecules such as channels are carrier proteins
• give examples of polar molecules

  glucose and amino acids and charged ions such as sodium
• what affects the permeability of membranes

  temperature and organic solvents such as ethanol
• how does temperature affect the permeability of cell membranes

  the molecules will have a higher energy and will diffuse quickly
• how do organic solvents such as ethanol affect the permeability of a cell membrane

  ethanol will emulsify the phospholipids and denature the protein resulting in gaps between the membrane
• what are the four passive methods of transportation

  diffusion, facilitated diffusion co-transport and osmosis
• what are the two methods of transport that require energy

  active transport and bulk transport
• what are the two types of bulk transport

  endocytosis and exocytosis
• what is energy exchanged as in the body

  ATP
• what does ATP stand

  adrenaline trio sulphate