enzymes

• what is the definition of enzymes

  globular proteins with a specific tertiary structure which act as biological catalysts and increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy
• what type of protein are enzymes

  globular
• what is meant by metabolism

  all chemical reactions occurring in the body
• what bonds hold together the tertiary structure of a globular protein such as a enzyme

  hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds , disulphide bridges and hydrophobic interactions
• What is an anabolic reaction?

  Builds larger molecules from smaller molecules
• how do enzymes catalyse reactions

  by lowering the activation energy
• what is a example of an anabolic reaction

  condensation
• What is a catabolic reaction?


  Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules
• what is an example of catabolic reaction

  hydrolysis
• what is the definition of activation energy

  minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
• describe the enzymes-substrate complex

  this is when a substrate fits into the enzymes complementary active site
• what are the two main enzymes action models

  lock and key model and induced fit model
• describe the lock and key model

  The enzyme and the substrate have specific complementary shapes that fit exactly into one another
• describe the induced fit model

  this is when the substrate and active site are not complementary shapes initially but changes when the substrate bind to the active site
• What factors effect enzyme activity?

  inhibitors ,pH , temperature , substrate concentration and enzyme concentration
• what are the properties of enzymes

  specific shape ,very high turnover number and soluble
• how are enzymes soluble

  they have hydrophilic r groups on the outside of the molecule
• what is meant by a high turnover number

  this means they can convert many molecules of substrate per unit time
• how do enzymes have a specific shape

  the sequence of amino acids determins their shape
• how do you calculate the rate of reaction from an enzyme graph

  draw a tangent at a starting point (such as five minutes) and a end point ( such as fifteen minuets) and divide the increase in mass by the time taken
• what i meant by an intracellular enzyme

  it is in a solution and membrane bound
• what is meant by a extracellular enzyme

  it will be secreted
• what will an extreme Change in ph do to the amino acid chains

  it may alter the electrostatic charge