translation

• sum up what happens in the translation portion of protein synthesis

  the sequence of codons on the mrna is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide
• what is the shape of trna

  clover leaf
• what is the function of trna

  to transfers amino acids to ribosomes
• what is an anti-codon

  3 bases on tRNA that match the mRNA codon
• what is the process of amino acid activation

  this is when the trna attaches to the amino acid in the cytoplasm
• what is the function of ribosomes

  protein synthesis
• Where are ribosomes located?

  cytoplasm and rough ER
• what are ribosomes made of

  rRNA and proteins
• where are each of the attachment sites in ribosomes

  in both of the trna
• what is found on the large subunit of the ribosome

  two binding sites for trna molecules
• what are the three stages of translation in protein synthesis

  initiation , elongation and termination
• what is the first step in the initiation step

  the ribosome attaches to the start codon on the mrna
• what happens after the ribosome attaches to the start codon

  the first trna binds to the first attachment site and the anti codon on the trna joins the complementary codon on the mrna forming a codon -anticodon complex
• what happends after the first trna codon-anticodon complex is formed

  the second trna forms a codon anticodon complex
• what is a polysome

  the complex that several ribsomes can move along one mrna at a time
• what is the first step of elongation

  a ribosomal enzyme catalyses the formation of a peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids
• what happens in elongation after peptide bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids

  the first trna leaves site 1 and returns to the cytoplasm , then the other trnas move down and a new tran bonds to site 2
• what happens in the termination step of translation

  the sequence will repeat until a stop codon is reached