biopsych

• Who proposed the theory of equipotentiality?

  Lashley
• What does the theory of equipotentiality suggest about higher mental functions?

  They are not localized in the brain
• What can intact areas of the cortex do after brain injury?

  Take over specific cognitive functions
• How does the extent of brain damage affect cognitive abilities?

  It determines effects more than location
• What does the ability to regain cognitive abilities after brain damage suggest?

  Localisation of function may lack validity
• What type of research supports the idea of localisation of function in the brain?

  Brain scans
• What did Peterson's brain scans demonstrate about Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas?

  They are active during specific tasks
• What does Wernicke’s area being active during a listening task suggest?

  It is responsible for understanding language
• What does Broca’s area being active during a reading task suggest?

  It controls speech production
• How do objective methods for measuring brain activity affect the validity of localisation?

  They provide evidence supporting localisation
• What does research suggest about communication between brain areas?

  It is more important than localisation
• What did Dejerine's case study reveal about reading ability?

  It resulted from damage to connections
• What does the interdependence of Wernicke’s area suggest about brain functions?

  Functions are localised only to a degree
• What did Bavelier et al. (1997) find about individual differences in language areas?

  There is large variability in activation patterns
• What did Harasty et al. (1997) find about gender differences in language areas?

  Women have larger Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
• What bias does localisation of function suffer from according to the findings of Harasty et al.?

  Beta bias and androcentrism
• What does research suggest about language production in relation to Broca’s area?

  It may not be confined to Broca’s area
• What did Dronkers et al. (2007) find about Broca’s patients?

  Other areas contributed to speech abilities
• What does the finding about lesions to Broca’s area suggest?

  They cause temporary speech disruption
• What does the complexity of language and cognition suggest about brain function?

  It involves networks of brain regions
• How does the complexity of language and cognition affect the validity of localisation?

  It decreases the validity of the explanation