Homostasis

• What are glands?

  Glands are organs or tissues in the body that produce and secrete substances, such as hormones or enzymes.
• What is a horomone?

  Chemical messenger
• what is a positive feedback loop?

  a process in which the output of a system amplifies the initial change, leading to further increases in the output.
• what is a negative feedback loop?

  A regulatory mechanism that counteracts a change in a system, maintaining stability.
• what is the pituitary gland?

  gland located at the base of the brain that produces and releases hormones.
• what does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland do?

  makes and secretes hormones
• what stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland?

  Hypothalamus
• what does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland do?

  stores and releases hormones made if the hypothalamus
• what does the pineal gland do?

  Produces melatonin
• what does the hypothalamus do?

  Control center
• what does the thyroid gland do?

  Regulates metabolism.
• what does the thymus do?

  responsible for the development and maturation of T cells, which are important for immune system function.
• what do the parathyroid glands do?

  Regulate calcium levels.
• what do adrenal glands do?

  controls adrenaline levels
• what do ovaries do?

  Produce eggs and estrogen.
• what do testes do?

  Produce sperm and testosterone.
• what does the pancreas do?

  Produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
• label

  A) pineal gland

  B) hypothalmus

  C) pituitary gland

  D) thyroid and parathyroid glands

  E) pancreas

  F) adrenal glands

  G) thymus

  H) ovary

  I) testicle

  
• what causes type 1 diabetes?

  Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
• what causes type 2 diabetes?


  Insulin resistance and lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity.
• What is gestational diabetes?

  High blood sugar levels during pregnancy which is temporary
• label this diagram

  A) dendrite

  B) cell body

  C) nucleus

  D) Schwann cell

  E) myeline sheath

  F) node of ranvier

  G) axon

  H) axon terminal

  
• What is the urinary system?

  The urinary system is responsible for filtering and eliminating waste products from the body through the production and excretion of urine.
• label this diagram

  A) adrenal glands

  B) inferior vena cava

  C) large intestine

  D) abdominal aorta

  E) renal vein

  F) renal artery

  G) kideny

  H) ureter

  I) bladder

  J) urethera

  
• label this diagram

  A) renal medula

  B) ureter

  C) capsule

  D) renal cortex

  E) renal pelvis

  F) renal vein

  G) renal artery

  
• what is a nephron?

  A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
• what is a nephron made up of?

  blood vessel and tubule
• what is a tubule?

  A small tube-like structure.
• label

  A) insulin

  B) blood glucose levels increase

  C) blood glucose levels decrease

  D) pancreas releases glucogen into blood stream

  E) glucagon

  F) liver breaks down glucogen into glucose

  G) liver stores glucose as glycogen

  H) pancrease releases insulin into blood stream

  I) blood glucose levels decrease

  J) blood glucose levels increase

  K) body cells take up glucose

  
• what are the 3 steps of how a kidney works?

  Filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
• what happens during kidney filtration?

  Filtration of blood to remove waste products and excess water.
• what happens during kidney reabsorption?

  Water and essential solutes are reabsorbed from the kidney tubules back into the bloodstream.
• what happens during kidney excretion?

  Waste products and excess substances are removed from the blood and filtered by the kidneys, which are then excreted as urine.
• label

  A) Bowman's Capsule

  B) Efferent arteriole

  C) Afferent arteriole

  D) Loop of Henle

  E) proximal tubule

  F) Distal tubule

  G) Renal artery

  H) renal vein

  I) glomerulus

  J) peritubular capilaries

  K) collecting duct