Animal Diseases Lecture 5

• what are 2 components of immune reactions?

  recognition and response
• what are 2 types of responses to immune invaders?

  effector and memory
• what is the effector response?

  eliminate or neutralize invader by surrounding the invader with the cells of our immune system to restrict them from resources
• what is the memory response to invaders?

  heightened response if re-infected
• how does the immune system react if it is re-infected with the same pathogen?

  quick and strong using memory responses
• what is non-specific immunity?

  invader is recognized by genetic signs
• how does the body recognize parasite invaders?

  using structural features to recognize that it does not belong
• what is the first line of defence?

  anatomical barriers
• what are examples of anitomical barriers?

  skin, epidermis, keratin
• what do sebaceous glands produce?

  sebum
• what are sebaceous glands?

  gland assocaited with the hair follicle
• why does the sebaceous gland inhibit the growth of some pathogens?

  acidic
• what is the sebaceous gland used fir in immunity?

  first line of defence
• what are mucus membranes?

  line organ systems
• what is conjunctivae?

  membrane coating inner eye lids and surface of the eye
• what are tears and saliva used for in terms of immunity?

  wash away invaders
• what do tears have the ability to do?

  break down bacteria
• what does mucus do in terms of immunity?

  entrapment
• how does mucus entrap pathogens?

  sweep pathogens out using cilia, then trapped in mucus and carried out of the body
• how is mucus used as comeptition for pathogens?

  when pathogens are present in mucus, that is an area that pathogens cannot go
• what is an example of a mucus bacteria?

  flu
• what are 4 types of barriers?

  anatomical, physiological, phagocytic, and inflammatory
• what are physiological barriers?

  temperature
• what is the bodies normal temp and why is it this temp?

  37 degrees and can inhibit the growth of some pathogens
• why do fevers result?

  to rid bacteria that cannot withstand such hot temps
• what are benefits for the stomachs acidity levels?

  pathogens cannot withstand acidic environments and will be destroyed once injested
• what are soluble factors?

  lysozymes, inferons, and complements
• what do lysozymes do?

  digest bacterial cell walls
• where are lysozymes found?

  mucus secretions, tears and mothers milk
• what do inferons do?

  proteins that fight viruses by surrounding cells to become resistant to the virus
• what are complement proteins?

  serums that disrupt membrane of microorganisms
• what are phagocytic barriers?

  uptake of extracellular material
• how are phagocytic barriers used to rid body of invaders?

  engulfs invader, digests it, releases components outside the cell
• what are inflammatory barriers?

  bodies response to invaders
• what are signs of inflammatory barriers?

  redness, swelling, heat, pain, pus, scaring
• what is an example of inflammotory barriers?

  tissue damage
• explain how tissue damage results in inflammation?

  bacteria enters through damage, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, influx of phagocytes and fibrin
• what is vasodilatation?

  increased blood vessel diameter
• what does vasodilation result in?

  redness and heat
• what is increased capillary permeability?

  materials found in the blood are released into the area of the wound causing edema