Bioenergetics

• Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

  In chlorophyll and chloroplasts
• What is required for photosynthesis to occur?

  Energy in the form of light
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• What is glucose used for in plants?

  For respiration, starch, or fat storage
• What is cellulose used for in plants?

  To produce cell walls
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Increases rate until denaturing occurs
• What can limit the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity or CO2 concentration
• What happens if there is plenty of CO2 and warmth but not enough light?

  The rate of photosynthesis is limited
• What does a graph of photosynthesis rate show before plateauing?

  The limiting factor is on the x-axis
• How can we measure the rate of photosynthesis practically?

  By measuring oxygen volume from pondweed
• What is the independent variable in the photosynthesis experiment?

  Light intensity
• How does light intensity change with distance from the source?

  It follows an inverse square relationship
• What organelle contains mitochondria?

  Every cell except red blood cells
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration with oxygen
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  Opposite of photosynthesis equation
• What happens to breathing and heart rate during exercise?

  They increase to deliver more oxygen
• What occurs during anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose converts to lactic acid
• What is oxygen debt?

  More oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• How do plant and yeast cells respire anaerobically?

  Glucose turns into ethanol and CO2
• What is fermentation used for?

  To make alcoholic drinks and bread
• What is metabolism?

  • Sum of all reactions in a cell or organism
  • Includes respiration and conversion of glucose
  • Involves synthesis of proteins and lipids
• What can glucose be converted into?

  Starch, glycogen, cellulose, amino acids
• What is produced from the breakdown of excess proteins?

  Urea