Cardiac Pharmacology

• The MoA of nitrates is that the nitrates are converted to NO inside vessels, and produce more cGMP. The increased cGMP reduces Ca in VSM and dilates the occluded artery.
• The MoA of Beta Blockers is that it blocks the activation of cAMP from ATP which would make more Ca present
• The two kinds of calcium channel blockers include DHPs and N-DHPs.
• DHPs: decrease vascular resistance and blood pressure
• N-DHPs: decrease inotropy
• Standard post discharge therapy for someone recovering from acute coronary syndromes is the long-term includes aspirin, a β-blocker, and a high- intensity HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin).
• Warfarin Antidote- Vitamin K, or for rapid reversal, fresh frozen plasma
• Heparin antidote- Protamine (chemical antagonist of heparin); most active against the large heparin molecules in unfractionated heparin and can partially reverse LMW heparins.
• Factor XA inhibitor Antidote- Andexanet Alfa/Andexxa
• Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Antidote- Idarucizumab
• Nitrates cannot be used with PDE-5 inhibitors because they cause a drastic drop in blood pressure.
• Statins decrease LDL drastically. They are used to treat high cholesterol.