Topic 1

• In science the word diet means what you eat
• Your food is a source of raw materials needed for your body to make new substances for energy, growth and repair
• The 5 nutrients: Carbohydrates, Fats (also known as lipids), Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals
• Carbohydrates are a good source of energy. There are two types of carbohydrate: starch (complex car) and sugar (simple car)
• Starch is found in foods like pasta bread and rice
• Sugar is found in foods including sweets, fizzy drinks and fruit
• When carbohydrates are not used they can be turned into fats. Some fat will be stored under the skin to stop heat from escaping. Fat is also stored in your body to be used in the future
• Fats are found in foods like milk, butter, cheese, eggs , avocado, cream and oil
• Vitamins: We need these in small amounts. Vitamin E is used for the repair of skin and Vitamin D is for taking up calcium.
• Minerals: Your body needs this in small amounts. Iron (Fe) is a mineral used in making up red blood cells. Calcium (Ca) is another mineral used to make strong bones
• Vitamins and minerals are found in fruits and vegetables
• Proteins are needed to make new cells to help our bodies grow and repair
• Protein can be found in meat, fish, eggs, nuts and beans
• Fibre is a nutrient (False)
• Our bodies cannot use fibre for energy or growth but it helps keep out intestines clean and healthy
• Our bodies cannot use fibre for energy or growth but it helps to keep our intestines clean
• Eating fibre can help prevent hard faeces, which a person could damage their intestines trying to pass
• Fibre can be sound in oats, brown bread, wholemeal pasta, cereal
• Water is an important solvent in the body (it dissolves things so that they can be carried around the body)
• Water is also used to cool down the body when we sweat
• The process of the digestive system begins in the mouth cavity.
• The oesophagus is the second part of the digestive system.
• The stomach is third part of the digestive system.
• The small intestine is the fourth part of the digestive system.
• The large intestine is the fifth part of the digestive system.
• The rectum is the sixth part of the digestive system
• The anus is the final part of the digestive system.
• The gut is about 8m long
• Putting food in your mouth is called ingestion (opposite of digestion)
• Food enters the mouth where it is chewed up by the teeth and rolled into a ball by the tongue and moistened by saliva
• Saliva is produced in the salivary glands. It helps make the food easy to swallow. It also contains an enzyme which helps to break down food chemically
• When you swallow, the windpipe is closed and food goes into the oesophagus
• muscles in the wall of the gullet contract in order to move the food downwarss
• this process is also known as peristalsis
• Bolus is the term for the small balls that go down your oesophagus
• The stomach breaks down food physically by muscle contractions
• The stomach also breaks down food chemically by the work of enzymes
• The hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills the bacteria and helps the enzymes to work
• Enzymes are a source of protein which helps to break down food
• The absorption of the 5 nutrients takes place in the small intestine