Earth Sci

• Was a German meteorologist and geophysicist, famous for proposing the Continental Drift Theory in 1910.

  Alfred Wegener
• Who discovered that africa and south america are like a giant jigsaw puzzle?

  Antonio Pellegrini
• Super continent

  Pangaea
• Body of water surrounds pangaea

  Panthalassa
• How pangaea broke into pieces

  Plate tectonic theory
• Slabs or rocks that floats above the asthenosphere

  Plates
• Composed of granite or igneous rocks

  Continental Crust
• Composed of basaltic rocks or sedimentary rocks

  Oceanic crust
• Composed of crust and upper mantle

  Lithosphere
• Liquid part of the mantle

  Asthenosphere
• Refers to fossils formed millions of years ago

  Fossil Magnetism
• Breaks in a rock mass where plate movement occured

  Fault
• A fracture separating one plate to another

  Plate boundaries
• Are moving due to the convection current in the earth interior

  Lithospheric plate
• Occur when two plates move toward each other

  Convergent
• The process where denser, colder, and older plate/crust goes beneath the earth's interior

  Subduction
• Occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing it from the mantle

  Divergent
• Zone between two plates that slide past one another

  Transform fault
• Study of geologically young processes is called?

  Neotectonics
• Created where two or more of earth's tectonic are pushed together

  Folded Mountains
• Folded mountains are created through a process called?

  Orogeny
• Formed by the movement of large crustal blocks when forced in the earth's crust pull it apart

  Fault block mountain
• Starts out as a simple crack called volcanic vent

  Volcanic mountain
• The remnants of previously existing mountains that have been subjected to weathering and erosion


  Residual mountain
• Eruption of molten rock onto the surface of the planet

  Volcanism
• Frequently Erupts

  Active volcano
• Barely erupts

  Dormant volcano
• Will not erupt anymore

  Extinct volcano
• Occurs at the site of mid oceanic ridges, where two plates diverge from one another

  Spreading center volcanism
• Curving chains of steep-sided volcanoes

  Subduction zone volcanism
• An area on earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of earth

  Hot spot
• Known as effusive eruptions

  Quiet eruption
• Are violent eruptions of viscous lava

  Explosive eruption
• Produces the steam of hot water heated by magma

  Phreatic eruption
• Consist of hot water steam and magnetic gases that explode violently into the atmosphere

  Phreatomagmatic Eruption
• Is a quiet eruption of lava that runs down the flanks of a volcano

  Lava flow
• Consist of fluid lava sprayed from the fissures on the flanks of a volcano

  Lava fountain
• Created when erupted lava has lost huge amount of gas which thickens the consistency of lava

  Lava dome
• Characterized by gentle spurts of liquid basaltic lava that shoot out from the vent just like a lava fountain

  Hawaiian eruption
• Least violent explosive eruption

  Strombolian eruption