respiratory system

• respiration: the movement of oxygen from the outside
• breathing: inhalation exhalation
• external respiration: gas exchange occurs between the alveoli of the lungs and blood
• transport of respiratory gases: the blood transports the oxygen from the alveoli to the cells, and carbon dioxide is transported from the cells to alveoli
• internal respiration: gas exchange occurs between the blood and cells
• respiratory system: supply blood with oxygen to the different parts of the body
• upper respiratory tract: nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx
• lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs and diaphragm
• nostrils: holes in your nose and it is the first entry of the inhaled air
• vestibule region: lined with mucus that traps microorganisms and other debris in the inhaled air
• cilia: tiny hair-like structures
• respiratory region: warms the inhaled air so that its temperature comes close to the normal body temperature (37°C)
• olfactory region: highly sensitive cells which send the stimulus(smell) to the brain
• pharynx: throat
• nasopharynx: behind the nasal cavity
• oropharynx: behind the oral cavity or mouth
• laryngopharynx: located near larynx
• epiglottis: flap of tissue that closes
• larynx: voice box
• trachea: windpipe
• bronchi: the trachea branches into two tubes (singular: bronchus)
• bronchioles: bronchi are further divided into smaller branches
• there are 30,000 bronchioles in lungs
• alveoli: airsacs at the tip of each bronchiole, actual site of gas exchange
• nitrogen: 78%
• oxygen: 20.9%
• argon: 0.93%
• carbon dioxide: 0.04%
• rib cage: case that protects the lungs
• sternum: bone found on the chest at the center
• ribs: the one surrounding lungs
• vertebrae: bone found at the dorsal side
• intercostal muscles: located between the bones
• diaphragm: moves down during inhalation to accomodate the inhaled air
• respiratory gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide