Motivation

• What is delayering in a business context?

  Removing tiers of management
• What is one advantage of delayering?

  It saves money on salaries
• How can delayering improve communication?

  By shortening lines of communication
• What effect does empowerment have on employees after delayering?

  It can make them more motivated
• What is a disadvantage of delayering?

  Remaining employees may feel job insecurity
• How might delayering affect employee workload?

  Some may become over-burdened with work
• What cost implications can arise from delayering?

  Redundancies may incur costs
• What training might be necessary after delayering?

  Training for extra responsibilities
• What did Fredrick Taylor believe about workers?

  They work primarily for money
• What did Taylor advocate for in job tasks?

  Breaking tasks into small parts
• What type of supervision did Taylor believe in?

  Close supervision of the workforce
• How did Taylor propose to pay workers?

  According to their production levels
• What are the key features of scientific management?

  • Employees paid for specific tasks
  • Payment based on output levels
  • Tall hierarchy with limited communication
  • Adoption of the most efficient working methods
  • Close supervision and performance monitoring
• What did Eton Mayo's Hawthorne Experiments involve?

  Testing different working methods on employees
• What was a key finding from Mayo's experiments?

  Productivity increased with every change
• What factors did Mayo believe contributed to increased productivity?

  Greater communication and teamwork
• What are hygiene factors according to Herzberg?

  Factors that do not motivate but cause dissatisfaction
• What are motivators according to Herzberg?

  Factors that can positively motivate employees
• How does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs function?

  Needs are fulfilled in a hierarchical order
• What are physiological needs in Maslow's theory?

  Basic needs like food and rest
• What are safety needs in Maslow's theory?

  Needs for a healthy work environment
• What are social needs in Maslow's theory?

  Needs for teamwork and belonging
• What are esteem needs in Maslow's theory?

  Needs for recognition and competence
• What are self-actualization needs in Maslow's theory?

  Needs to reach full potential
• What does Porter and Lawler's Expectancy Theory propose?

  Motivation is affected by expected rewards
• What are intrinsic rewards?

  Positive feelings from completing a task
• What are extrinsic rewards?

  Rewards from outside the individual
• What are the benefits of a well-motivated workforce?

  • Increased productivity
  • Improved quality
  • Lower staff turnover
  • Enhanced communication
  • Higher innovation levels
  • Greater employee satisfaction
  • Reduced industrial action
  • Better customer service
  • Improved company reputation
• What does Vroom's Expectancy Theory emphasize?

  Beliefs about outcomes affect motivation
• What is valence in Vroom's theory?

  Belief in receiving a worthwhile reward
• What is instrumentality in Vroom's theory?

  Belief that actions lead to results
• What is expectancy in Vroom's theory?

  Belief in achieving set targets
• How does financial motivation work?

  Involves monetary rewards for employees
• What is a disadvantage of financial motivation?

  Can cause resentment among employees
• What is non-financial motivation?

  Methods that do not involve monetary rewards
• What are some non-financial motivation methods?

  • Job enrichment
  • Job enlargement
  • Job rotation
  • Job design
  • Communication
  • Empowerment
  • Quality circles
  • Training
  • Flexible working
• What is empowerment in the workplace?

  Giving employees greater control over their jobs
• What is a potential disadvantage of empowerment?

  It may lead to costly redundancies
• What factors determine whether to use control or empowerment?

  Depends on risk and company culture
• What are the evaluations of ways to motivate staff?

  • Job enlargement prevents boredom but may reduce efficiency.
  • Job rotation provides flexibility but requires training.
  • Job enrichment offers challenges but may overwhelm some.
  • Empowerment allows delegation but risks poor performance.
  • Reward systems can cause rivalry and have cost implications.
  • Employee of the month may lead to resentment.