Three main formulations

• What are the three main formulations?

  • universalisability
  • the practical imperative
  • the kingdom of ends
• What is universalisability?

  act only according to the main maxim (rule) whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law
• How would universalisability fail the test?

  • false promises/lying
  • refusing to help others
• The Practical Imperative

  • always treat humanity never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end
• Practical Imperative: treating people as a means and not ends

  • treating people as if they were an inanimate object
  • coercing a person to get what you want
  • deceiving a person to get what you want
• The Kingdom of Ends

  acts as a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends