psychological

• Eysneck said there are 3 personality types


  Neuroticisim

  • low - calm, reliable
  • high - anxious, restless
• Esyneck had 3 personality types Neuroticisim low- calm, reliable high - anxious, restless Extraversion low - quiet, passive, reservedhigh - social, impulsive, assertive psychoticisim high- aggressive, hostile, uncaring
• eysneck details people have a genetic predisposition to personality types. (although enviromental factors do play a role) extroverts want stimulation, sometimes through crime
• eysneck had 3 personality types


  neuroticisim

  • low- calm, reliable
  • high- anxious, restless

  extraversion

  • low- reserved, quiet
  • high- social, impulsive, assertive

  psychoticisim

  • high- aggressive, hostile, uncaring
• Eysneck said people have a genetic predisposition to personality types. (although enviromental factors do play a role)

  extroverts want stimulation, sometimes through crime
• Eysneck eval

  Eysneck (1977)

  • 2070 male ppts
  • 2422 controll
  • prisoners scored higher on P,E,N measures
  • -Farrington(1982)
  • meta analysis
  • criminals higher on P
  • not allways on E or N
• Eysneck negative eval

  too deterministic

  • must be other factors involved in personality types
• there are 2 cognitive distortions

  1. minimalization- minimising seriousness of the offence
  2. hostile attribution bias - believing the other people where 'out to get them' and have hostile intentions

  Gibbs said criminal behaviour is due to being self-centred and blaming your problems on others
• 'criminals have different levels of moral reasoning'

  .

  1. preconventional reasoning (criminal reasoning)
  2. an action is morally wrong if you get punished
  3. right behaviour is in your own interests

  2. conventional reasoning

  - right behaviour is the one that makes other people think best of you

  - following laws and social conventions helps society

  
  

  3. postconventional reasoning

  - right course of action is the one that causes greatest good for most people
• Cognative distortion eval

  -gender biased (androcentric)

  -socially desirability bias

  + hollin & palmer (1998)

  • male offenders showed poor reasoning on 10/11 questions
• Differential association theory is that crimality is learned from association with other criminals.

  • differential association- everyone is socialised differnet and therefore everyone has a unique set of people around them
  • pro criminal attitudes- criminals are socialised by people with different motives and values therefore see crime as a positive
• in differential association theory criminal behaviour is reinfoced by rewards and approval from the people we associate with.

  Criminal techniques passed to the next generation (e.g. how to pick locks)
• Differential association theory eval

  -. very deterministic and reductionist

  • 'if you grow up here you will become a criminal'
• differential association positive eval

  + explains why certain crimes are commited by certian groups

  e.g white collar crime

  +rejected racist views that people were 'born criminals'

  +real life application

  don't put first offenders with re-offenders in prison