nervous and endocrine system

• nervous system is made up of brain and spinal cord
• peripheral nervous system relays messages to CNS via sensory neurone, from CNS to effector via motor neurones
• PNS split into autonomic and somatic nervous system
• autonomic responsible for involuntary vital actions such as breathing and heart rate. it is subdividd into sympathetic and parasympathetic
• somatic responsible for receiving sensory information via neurones, carried out by effectors such as voluntary muscle movements
• sympathetic nervous system prepares body for flight or fight in response to acute stress
• parasympathetic nervous system returns body to normal resting state
• sympathetic system increases heart rate, breathing rate, pupil dilation, and vasodilation
• endocrine system stimulates glands to secrete hormones into bloodstream to target cells with complementary receptors
• pituitary gland is located in brain and known as master gland, it controls the secretion of hormones of other glands
• thyroid gland releases thyroxine which increases heart rate
• adrenal gland releases adrenaline resulting in the physiological arousal of the flight or fight response by increasing activity in the sympathetic state