Ulster Plantations

• Gaelic Irish: these were the local Irish who followed Irish customs and strongly opposed to British
• Anglo-Irish: English that settled in Ireland before 1500 and had married Gaelic Irish
• The Pale: an area around Dublin controlled by the English and whose people were loyal to the King, followed English customs and laws
• Before English rule was established, people followed Brehon Law
• England wanted to control Ireland because 1) Defence; Ireland was the back door to England 2) To ‘Civilise Ireland’; the English regarded their duty as being to civilise the Irish, 3) To profit from Ireland 4) Religion; the English wanted to convert the Irish to Protestantism
• The English did not understand or respect the native Irish language or customs or law, they felt superior
• How the plantations worked: a chief or lord would be defeated and their land would be taken away, the land was given to settlers/planters, and those planters used English customs, laws and language
• Planters were English and Scottish
• The was a 9 year war at the end of the 1500s between the English and Ulster Chiefs.

  Spanish ships were sent with 4,000 soldiers to help Ulster, but when they landed in Cork they were surrounded by an English army.
• In 1607, O’Neill and other chiefs fled Ulster, this even is called the Flight of Earls. English gov declared them traitors and confiscated their land
• Features of a Plantation town: wide, straight streets, a central square or diamond, main shops and markets in the square, a protestant church and a large protective wall around town
• The Ulster Plantation was started by King James the First
• An example of a plantation town is LondonDerry