Exam 1- Foundations of Kines

• anterior (ventral)- towards the front
• medial- toward the midline or middle
• posterior (dorsal)- towards the back
• lateral- away from the midline or middle
• superficial- nearer to the surface of the body
• superior (cranial)- closer to the head
• supine- lying straight, with the face pointed upward
• contralateral- refers to the opposite side
• visceral- related to internal organs
• proximal- closer to a point of reference
• inferior (caudal)- further from the head
• deep- towards the inside
• prone- lying straight, with the face pointed downward
• ipsilateral- refers to the same side of the body
• parietal- related to the body walls
• origin- non-moving end
• agonist- muscle causing movement
• neutralizer- muscle that contracts to counteract the action of another muscle to prevent undesirable motion
• insertion- moving end
• antagonist- muscle resisting the movement of the agonist
• stabilizer- muscle that acts to stabilize a segment so the agonist can work
• range of motion is the angular distance a joint can rotate
• active ROM occurs when a joint action is performed by the muscles that cross that joint
• passive ROM occurs whena joint action is performed by no intrinsic muscle activity
• resistive ROM occurs when a joint action is performed against an external resistance
• rectilinear motion is movement that occurs in a straight line
• curvelinear motion is a curved path that isn't necessairly circular
• angular motion- movement of an object around a fixed point
• The three traditional cardinal planes are the sagittal plane, frontal plane, and transverse plane.
• The sagittal plane divides the body into medial and lateral halves. It is commonly responsible for flexion and extension movements and rotates about the medial lateral axis.
• The frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. It is responsible for abduction/adduction and rotates about the anterior posterior axis.
• The transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is responsible for rotational movements and rotates about the polar or vertical axis.
• osteokinematics it the motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body
• a MID plane is one of the cardinal planes that passes through the body divding the body into equal halves
• Purpose of the skeletal system: gices support and shape to body, protects internal organs, facilitate muscle action and body movements, provide muscle attachment sites, production of blood cells
• hematopoesis- production of blood cells
• the two types of skeleton are: axial and appendicular
• the axial skeleton is the skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and the cranium
• the appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower extremities of the body
• There are 206 bones in the entire human body however individuals may have additional sesamoid bones