introduction of anatomy

• skin- biggest organ
• epidermis - outer layer, dead cells, keratinized
• carpals- 8 bones
• tarsals- 7 bones
• hand and wrist- 54 bones
• adult bones- 206 bones
• bones at birth- 300 bones
• femur- largest bone
• stapes- smallest bone
• insulin- stop blood sugar level from rising too high
• glucagon- prevent blood sugar level from dropping
• insulin- beta cells
• glucagon- alpha cells
• duct- passage with well-defined walls, a tube for the passage of excretion or secretions
• exocrine gland- secrete their substances through ducts onto your body surfaces.
• endocrine gland- secretes hormones into the bloodstream, hormones travel to target cells
• flexion- decrease the angle between two body parts
• extension- increase the angle between two body parts
• abduction- away from the midline
• adduction- toward the midline
• medial/internal rotation- rotational movement towards the midline
• lateral rotation- rotating movement away from the midline
• elevation- movement in a superior direction
• depression- movement in an inferior direction
• pronation- palm down
• supination- palm up
• inversion- movement of the sole towards the median plane (sole faces in a medial direction)
• eversion- sole away from the median plane (sole faces in a lateral direction)
• dorsiflexion- flexion at the ankle
• plantarflexion- extension at the ankle
• opposition- brings the thumb and little finger together
• reposition- moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other
• protraction- reaching out to something, anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly
• refraction- pick something up, posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causes the shoulder to move posteriorly.
• scapula- shoulder blade
• systolic- the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is contracting or when our heart beats
• diastolic- the lowest pressure in the heart when the heart is relaxed or rests
• anatomy- is the study of body structure, science of structure
• physiology- is the science of body function
• pathophysiology- study of disturbance of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease or resulting from a disease or abnormal syndrome or condition that may not qualify to be called as disease