Cognitive

• What can be studied scientifically according to cognitive psychology?

  Internal mental processes
• How do mental processes relate to schemas?

  Mental processes can involve schemas
• In what way are computers and the human mind similar?

  Both encode, store information, and have outputs
• What can be inferred about mental processes?

  Inferences can be made from models
• What does cognitive neuroscience combine?

  Neural mechanisms with cognitive processes
• How do thoughts influence behavior?

  Thoughts can be conscious and non-conscious
• What does the cognitive approach argue about internal mental processes?

  • They can be studied scientifically
  • They include memory, perception, and thinking
  • They are private and cannot be directly observed
  • Inferences are made based on behavior
• What is a schema?

  A mental packet of related concepts
• How do schemas help in processing information?

  They act as mental frameworks for interpretation
• How do schemas change as we age?

  Schemas become more detailed and sophisticated
• What is a potential downside of schemas?

  Schemas may distort interpretations of sensory information
• What are theoretical models used for in cognitive psychology?

  • To study internal mental processes
  • Example: Information processing model
  • Stages include input, storage, and retrieval
• What does the computer analogy suggest about the mind?

  The mind processes information like a computer
• What components are compared in the computer analogy?

  Central processing unit, coding, and stores
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The study of brain structures' influence on mental processes
• When was cognitive science formally formed?

  In 1956 at MIT
• What advancements have helped cognitive neuroscience?

  Brain imaging techniques like fMRI and PET scans
• What did Tulving et al. (1994) demonstrate about memory?

  Different types of memory are located in the brain
• What role does the parahippocampal gyrus play?

  It is involved in OCD
• What is 'brain fingerprinting'?

  A technique to analyze brain wave patterns
• What are the evaluations of cognitive neuroscience?

  • More scientific and objective research
  • Demonstrates brain's plasticity
  • Identifies neurological basis of mental processes
  • Ethical concerns with lie detection
• What are the strengths of the cognitive approach?

  • Employs controlled and rigorous methods
  • Combines biology and cognitive psychology
  • Establishes a credible scientific basis
• What is machine reductionism?

  Ignoring human emotion in cognitive processing
• How can anxiety affect memory according to research?

  Anxiety can impair eyewitness memory accuracy
• What are the limitations of cognitive psychology research?

  • Too abstract and theoretical
  • Uses artificial stimuli in experiments
  • May lack external validity
• What is the real-life application of cognitive psychology?

  • Dominant approach in psychology
  • Contributes to artificial intelligence
  • Basis for cognitive behavioral therapy
• What does soft determinism in cognitive psychology imply?

  We can think before responding to stimuli
• How does the cognitive approach differ from hard determinism?

  It allows for free thought before responses