Philippine Literature

• LITERATURE. A body of written works. Originated from oral traditions. Imaginative works. The content depends on the author
• Pre-Colonial Period. Existed before the Spanish occupation in the 1500s.
• Pre-Colonial Period. Its oral in nature and is full of lessons, ideas about life, blessings, consequences. Contains ideas from birth to the grave
• Spanish Period. Start of the Philippine’s colorful history took place in March 6, 1521
• Filipinos were then called “Ladinos”, meaning they were latinized. Also called as “taga-bayan” (urabane & civilized); “tagabukid” or “taga-bundok” (bruto salvage or indio)
• Pasyon – about the passion and death of Jesus Christ
• Senakulo – the re-enactment of the pasyon
• Komedya – depicts the European society through love and fame
• : Dante Alighieri’s Divine is an example of Komedya
• Awit – tales of chivalry where a knight saves a princess
• Florante at Laura is an example of awit
• Korido – a metrical tale or a tale that follows the structure of a poem
• Prose narratives – easy to understand instructional materials that in a literary light that teaches Filipinos on proper decorum
• Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza (1864) is an example of Prose Narratives
• Propaganda Literature – in the forms of satires, editorials, and news article that aimed to attack the Spanish rule. The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez
• Ang Fray Botod and La Hija Del Fraile are some works of Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Kaiingat Kayo, Dasalan at Tocsohan, Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios are some example works of Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• Revolutionary Literature – exposes that sparked revolution and resistance in the hearts of Filipinos
• Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan and Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog are some examples of Andres Bonifacio’s works.
• Liwanag at Dilim is composed by Emilio Jacinto
• Apolinario Mabini composed Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
• El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Herald of the Revolution) – the official newspaper of the revolutionary government of Aguinaldo
• La Independencia (Independence) – independent newspaper edited by General Antonio Luna
• La Republica Filipina (The Philippine Republic) – a private newspaper edited by Pedro Paterno
• La Libertad (Liberty) – private newspaper edited by Clemente Zulueta
• Jose Corazon de Jesus (1832-1896) – popularly known as “Batute”, created his own generation with his first book of poems
• Mga Gintong Dahon (1920) – were poems pre-occupied with such non-traditional themes as passion-slayinng, grief-induced
• Sa Dakong Silangan (1928) – returned to the awit form, retelling the history of Philippines under Spain
• Severino Reyes – spearheaded a movement to supplant the komedya with a new type of drama
• Walang Sugat, Hindi Aco Patay, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas, Tanikalanag Guinto are some example works of Severino Reyes
• Gabriel Beato Francisco – best known for his trilogy of Fulgencia Galbillo, Capitan Bensio, Alfaro, depicting the 30 years colonial repression by the Spanish rule
• Inigo Ed. Regalado – Madaling araw was his first novel showing the complex interrelations of issues in the Philippine society
• Juan Lauro Arsciwals – Lalaking Uliran o Tulisan, allusion to the colonial law that branded Filipino patriots
• Japanese Period. The use of English language was forbidden, and the use of the Filipino language
• LITERARY DEVICE. Refers to the voice or mouthpiece of the writer within a literary text
• On Symbolism as a Literary Device. An artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind.
• Public Symbols – are the symbols that are traditionally established, such as the symbol of rose for love
• Private Symbols – are symbols that are used by the author, which can signify whatever he would want it to mean, based on how it is portrayed in the text
• On Theme as an Element. The central idea that the author wants to convey
• Ang Fray Botod – written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876; exposed how some of the friars were greedy, ambitious, and immoral