FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION (CRUDE OIL)

• WHAT TYPE OF FUEL IS CRUDE OIL?

  non-renewable
• WHAT ARE THE MAIN COMPOUNDS OBTAINED FROM FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION?

  • gases
  • naphtha (gasoline/ petrol)
  • kerosene
  • diesel oil
  • lubricating oil and waxes
  • fuel oil
  • tar/ bitumen
• WHAT FRACTION IS IN HIGHEST DEMAND?

  naphtha
• PROCESS OF FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL?

  1. Fractional distillation occurs in fractionating column
  2. Crude oil heated in furnace
  3. Liquid and vapour pass into tower
  4. Column is cooler at top
  5. Liquid and vapour rise until they reach tray cool enough for them to condense
  6. Lighter hydrocarbons collect at the top (lower boiling point)
• ANOTHER NAME FOR NAPHTHA?

  gasoline/ petrol
• USES OF NAPHTHA/ PETROL/ GASOLINE?

  cars
• USES OF KEROSENE?

  jet fuel, lighting
• USES OF DIESEL OIL?

  lorries and taxis
• USES OF LUBRICATING OILS AND WAXES?

  candles and engine oil
• USES OF FUEL OIL?

  ships and power stations
• USES OF TAR/ BITUMEN?

  roads and roofing