T-storms

• what's a tropical cyclone?

  low pressure system of rotating mass of air over warm oceans causing high winds and intense rainfall
• where are hurricanes located?

  atlantic ocean
• where are cyclones located?

  indianic ocean
• where are typhoons located?

  pacific ocean
• what direction do winds travel?

  east to west
• what are conditions needed for tropical cyclones?

  1.sea temps higher than 26.5(typically 27)

  2.deep oceans(at least 50cm)

  3.low pressure causing air to rapidly rise

  4.colorosis effect- causes wind to curve therefore dont occur on equator

  5.moisture and evaporation
• what is the corolis effect?

  winds are caused when air moves from high to low pressure. The earths rotation causes the air so wind doesn't in a straight line.As air moves above earths surface and the earth rotates under so winds follow a curved path
• what is a source?

  the area where a tropical cyclone is formed
• what is a track?

  direction tropical cyclone travels
• what is dissipitation?

  lose energy-lose of source of mositure
• what's intensity?


  gain energy-gains source of warm moisture
• reasons why tropical storms dissipitate?

  -make landfall

  -move into an area of cooler water

  -when it runs into different weather systems, with winds blowing in different directions
• why do tropical cyclones occur in inner tropical covergance zone?

  constantly has low air pressure and warm temp as its around the equator so warm oceans and strong winds
• how are tropical cyclones classified?


  saffir simpson scale, this is based on the wind speed generated by tropical cyclone(category 1 would be 74-95mph)
• what's a physical hazard?

  naturally occurring process that has the potential to create loss damage
• what are physical hazards?

  high winds, storm surges, intense rainfall, coastal flooding and landslides
• describe high winds?

  -tropical cyclones can produce winds over 119 up to 250kmph

  -trees can be uprooted by wind

  -power cables damaged

  -strongest winds that cause severely damage/destroy buildings

  -wind blown debris can impact people, buildings causing damage/injury and death
• describe storm surges?

  -can erode beaches, coastal habitats

  -damage coastal defences, flow inland, contaminating farmland and freshwater areas

  -large mass of water can be forced towards land by wind

  -hits land with severe force
• describe intense rainfall?

  -tropical cyclone move over oceans(take large amounts of water and release large amounts of rain

  -weather forcasters can estimate how much rainfall by how fast strom travels over oceans

  -intense rainfall can lead to flooding, damaged property and injury(knocks people over by underwater currents)
• describe coastal flooding?

  intense rain and surges can cause coastal flooding

  -puts property at risk, affects farmland and tourism

  -environmental impact of flooding by salt water will be very damaging
• describe landslides?


  -intense rainfall affects areas of high relief and coastal lowlands

  -high rainfall can saturate soil , becomes heavier so its unable to hold position until it slides down slope

  -geology of an area is significant for example underlying rock is imperable so the wet rock and soil can easily slide over it and downhill

  -causes massive deforestation to settlements at base of slope

  -causes river flooding if landslides block river channels
• what is vulnerability?


  the increased risk of being affected
• what makes a country physical vulnerable?

  1.warm oceans-countries on the warmer oceans are more vulnerable

  2.cities along the coast-closer to the ocean and hit with the most force(stronger winds)

  3.frequent natural disasters -country is more vulnerable because they cant rebuild quick enough to prepare

  4.tepography(features of lands/mountains)-the side which isnt protected will be hit with so much more force
• what makes a country more socially vulnerable?

  1.population growth-higher the population the more crowded and more people will be injured/die because everyone can be at risk

  2.low levels of education-dont know what to do

  3.language barriers-if someone cant understand the language they cant understand what they are saying

  4.age-more old people=struggle to escape quickly=suffer more
• what makes a country more economically vulnerable?

  1.high levels of poverty-cant afford good quality healthcare or preparation(machines/equipment)

  2.lack of tech-cant track/predict the storm and cant operate quickly

  3.low quality building materials-higher risk of collapsing buildings and flying materials(more injuries)
• whats the formation of tropical cyclones? Updraughts of air contain huge volumes of water vapour from the oceans, which condense to produce Cumulonimbus clouds. Condensation releases heat energy stored in water vapour, which powers the cyclone further. Coriolis force causes rising currents of air to spiral around the centre of the tropical cyclone.
• ways to protect houses?

  build away from ocean, sea walls, steel/concrete walls, stilts and storm bags
• what do weather buoys and ship do?

  moniter ocean temp to locate potential tropical storm regions(only accesible to higher income countries)
• what do aerial weather stations do?

  moniters air pressure changes and wind speed to locate ideal tropical storm locations(expensive)
• ways to plan/prepare?


  border windows, familles find meeting points, create emergency boxes, alerts and find routes and emergency routes
• named example of tropical cyclone?

  Hurricane mathew hit haiti(located next to caribbean and next to domican republic on caraibbean sea).Hurricane mathew then moved towards USA and made landfall in Florida(located on gulf of mexico by west of bahamas)
• impacts of Hurricane Mathew in Haiti?

  1.GDP-£1,037

  2.life expectancy-63

  3.literacy rate-61%

  4.October 3-5th 2016

  5.they weren't fully prepared because they were vulnerable and poor/developing but some higher risk areas got evacuated by boats

  6.primary effects-set back Haiti 50years, 30000 homes destroyed, 80% buildings leveled, 90% of land impacted , churches/buildings destroyed and thousands evacuated

  7.death rate-546

  8.secondary effects-president election cancelled(no stable government), lost all farming/agriculture so they have no money(immediate food crisis), possible chlorea epidemic
• Haiti responses to Hurricane Mathew?(750 homeless)


  -helicopters came to help recieve supplies/travel around

  -US aid

  -supplies bieng sent to provide food and resources

  -no government-elction camcelled so other countries led operation

  -they have nowhere to go

  -slow to respond
• impacts of Hurricane Mathew in USA?

  1.GDP-$57,866

  2.life expectancy-78

  3.literacy rate-91%

  4.October 6-9th 2016

  5.death rate-13

  6.22,300 displaced

  7.evacuations of coastal areas, millions urged to leave homes, traffic rerouted to escape, residents stocked up on supplies and alerts
• primary effects of Hurricane Mathew in USA?

  -Storm surges

  -buildings destroyed

  -trees collapsed

  -no power/water

  -deaths/injuries
• secondary effects of USA Huriccane Mathew?

  -flooding

  -600,000 people without power

  -people were angered
• USA responses to hurricane mathew?

  -red cross shelters opened

  -state opened 147 shelters for more than 22,300 people

  -alerts/warning

  -evacuation

  -release feudal funds