realist theory

• RIGHT REALISM

  believe people have free will to choose crime and crime stats are social facts
• RIGHT REALISM

  focus on crime prevention strategies
• RIGHT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME

  partly biological - some are born to be criminal eg. aggressive risk takers

  AO3 - rejected mostly as they believe crime is learnt
• RIGHT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME


  2. socialisation - murray says underclass cannot socialise children of right and wrong in society and have welfare dependency so children get a fatalistic attitude and be unemployed

  critical of single parents - lack male role model and will turn to criminal models to material success

  AO3 ignores crimes spread throughout population - victim blame
• RIGHT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME


  rational choice - people calculate costs and benefits of commiting crime - low risk = less likely to commit

  to prevent crime reduce opportunities through target hardening and increase risk of getting caught

  AO3 not all crime is rational eg. drug addiction, mental health

  ignores structural issues eg. poverty, capitalism
• RIGHT REALISM PREVENT CRIME


  situational crime prevention - reduce crime opportunity with target hardening strategies and increase risk of getting caught.

  design out crime eg. more cctv and police

  AO3 displacement - moves crime to places with less policing and cctv not reducing crime
• RIGHT REALISM PREVENT CRIME


  environmental crime prevention - 'broken home theory' deal with crime straightaway with 0 tolerance

  AO3 - left realist argue 0 tolerance further marginalises powerless groups
• RIGHT REALISM PREVENT CRIME


  fixed term sentencing - not using longer sentences but stress certaincy of punishment regardless of age

  AO3 - costly to prisions and prisions arent effective at crime reduction due to high reoffending
• LEFT REALISM

  softer, offering practical solutions
• LEFT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME

  relative deprivation - lack things in relation to others so turn to crime . due to individualism and media

  AO3 - most people in society are relatively deprived but not many commit crime
• LEFT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME

  marginalisation - person feels o the edges of society with no access to rights or service feeling frustrated and express by committing non utilitarian crime eg. 2011 london riots

  AO3 unemployed can gain representation in services like citizen advice
• LEFT REALISM CAUSES OF CRIME

  subculture - when people feel marginalised they turn to a subculture of collective solution and be deviant and commit crime for material goods to achieve blocked goals of society

  AO3 - some join non criminal subcultures to deal with relative deprivation and marginalisation
• LEFT REALISM PREVENT CRIME - square of crime

  improve policing relationship with local communities and act on concerns to increase trust
• LEFT REALISM PREVENT CRIME

  communities take responsibility for policing streets eg. neighbourhood watch - multi agency approach
• LEFT REALISM PREVENT CRIME

  tackle structural inequalities in society like poverty, discrimination and unemployment to prevent vunerable groups from commit crime in the first place
• LEFT REALISM PREVENT CRIME

  give victim respect they deserve and support needed to increase chances of reporting crime and giving evidence in court
• LEFT REALISM evaluation

  does not explain ruling class crimes which are more harmful

  unrepresentitive, looking only as high crime inner city areas