crime prevention strategies

• right realists argue we must be 'tough on crime' to reduce chances of reoffending and act as a deterrent
• left realists argue we must tackle social inequalities to prevent people from committing in the first place to emphasise relationship of police and community to prevent crime also
• RIGHT REALIST - situational crime prevention

  developed from rational choice theory - reduce opportunity to commit crime with target hardening strategies to increase risk of getting caught. designing out crime involves reducing opportunity of crime commit and increase risk of getting caught eg. NYC bus terminal redesign
• RIGHT REALIST - situational crime prevention AO3

  designing out crime doesnt stop it only leads to displacement - commit somewhere else where theres no surveillance

  assumes all crime is rational not all crimes are planned - crimes of passion or alcohol fuelled
• RIGHT REALIST - environmental crime prevention

  developed from 'broken window theory' - two part approach to reduce crime in high crime areas

  1. improve the environment so show people do care of the area so gangs dont move here
  2. 0 tolerance policy - police actively tackle slighest signs even if its not criminal
• RIGHT REALIST - environmental crime prevention AO3

  doesnt reduce crime just leads to selective policing - people target individuals who match police stereotype leading to more deviant subcultures and develop SFP

  success of 0 tolerance with NY crime reduction in 1993-96 but critics argue more to due with increase in police and general decline in all city
• LEFT REALIST - social and community crime prevention

  must tackle root cause of crime and work with communities put intervention early to stop offending - groups at risk are materially deprived, poor parent supervision in council homes so provide education and training to prevent offending

  EG. USA pre school perry project with weekly home visits led to low crime in adulthood
• LEFT REALIST - social and community crime prevention AO3

  right realists argue programmes like perry is too soft and we should be strict on parents who fail to socialise children properly so instead harsh policies like fines if they let their children not go school
• LEFT REALIST - police accountability

  police need to improve relationship with community and listen and act to their concerns to place trust. community should take responsibility to police streets eg. neighbourhood watch - emphasise multi agency approach where other agencies active in role of policing local community
• LEFT REALIST - police accountability AO3

  right realists claim building relationships between police and community wont prevent crime - people still make rational choice to commit crime if they trust police or not. eg. cost of living crisis now people make rational choice to steal to survive