energy changes

• What type of energy do trains, Formula One cars, and roller coasters possess?

  Kinetic energy
• What is kinetic energy?

  The energy stored in moving objects
• Does a stationary object, such as a parked car, have kinetic energy?

  No
• What unit is used for speed in the kinetic energy equation?

  Meters per second
• In a car moving at a constant speed, what energy conversion is taking place?

  Chemical energy to kinetic energy
• How do you convert Joules into Kilojoules?

  Divide by 1,000
• What do a wind-up toy and a clock have in common?

  They get energy from a spring
• What happens when we stretch a spring?

  We apply a force
• What do scientists call applying a force to change the length of a spring?

  Doing work
• What type of energy is stored in a stretched spring?

  Elastic potential energy
• What happens to a spring when no force is acting on it?

  It remains at its original length
• What is the 'extension' of a spring?

  The amount the spring stretches
• What does a straight line passing through zero on a force vs. extension graph indicate?

  Extension is directly proportional to force
• What happens if too great a force is applied to a spring?

  It stretches beyond its limit of proportionality
• What happens when a spring is stretched beyond the limit of proportionality?

  It won't return to its original length
• In the elastic potential energy equation, what units are used to measure energy?

  Joules
• What does the value of the spring constant depend on?

  The spring itself
• To convert centimeters to meters, what mathematical operation must be done?

  Divide by 100
• What are the units for the spring constant?

  Newtons per meter
• Why is energy stored in a stretched spring?

  Work is done to stretch it
• When work is done to stretch a spring, what type of energy is the work stored as?

  Elastic potential energy
• What is gravitational potential energy?

  Energy stored due to position above Earth
• What causes gravitational potential energy?

  The force of gravity
• When the ball falls, what happens to the gravitational potential energy?

  It changes to thermal and kinetic energy
• What units are used to measure gravitational potential energy?

  Joules
• What does the gravitational field strength measure?

  The force of gravity
• What must you do to the mass if it is given in grams when calculating gravitational potential energy?

  Convert to kilograms by dividing by 1,000
• What is "specific heat capacity" referring to?

  The amount of energy stored in hot water
• What is the specific heat capacity of a substance defined as?

  Energy to raise 1 kg by 1°C
• When calculating the mass of a substance what does the thermal energy change represent?

  The energy released or absorbed
• What does the specific heat capacity value of a substance indicate about its temperature change?

  How much energy needed for temperature change
• How does the specific heat capacity of water compare to that of aluminum, and what implications does this have for their respective temperature changes when the same amount of energy is applied?

  Water's is higher, it changes slower
• At the start of a bungee jump, where is all the energy stored?

  In the gravitational potential energy store
• As a bungee jumper falls, what energy transfer occurs?

  From gravitational potential to kinetic energy
• When the bungee rope is fully extended, what is the kinetic energy store?

  Zero
• When does the kinetic energy store reach its maximum in a bungee jump?

  When the bungee rope just starts to tighten
• At the point of full rope extension, where has all the energy been transferred?

  To the elastic potential energy store
• When the bungee rope recoils, what energy transfer occurs?

  From elastic potential to kinetic energy
• At the top of the ascent, where is all the energy now?

  In the gravitational potential energy store
• During the ascent after recoil, what energy transfer occurs?

  From kinetic to gravitational potential energy