behaviorist approach

• what is the first assumption of the behaviorist approach

  classical conditioning. this is where learning occurs through association between stimulus and a responce and it deals with involuntary behaviour
• what is some examples of involuntary behaviours

  • flinching
  • shivering
  • sweating
  • salivating
  • fear
  • pleasure
  • vomiting
• what does classical conditioning deal with

  involuntary behaviour
• who conducted a study on dogs

  pavlov
• what was Pavlov's study called

  Pavlov's dogs
• what did pavlov carry out

  carried out a lab experiment
• what did pavlov want to investigate

  salvation in dogs
• what happened in pavlovs study

  pavlov rang a bell as he gave food to a dog and the dog learned to associate the bell with food and salivate at the sound of a bell
• what did pavlov's study suggest

  suggested that the dog has learned to associate the bell with salvation
• what is the second assumption of behaviourist approach

  operant conditioning which is where learning occurs due to consequences of behaviour, whether it is reinforced or punished and deals with voluntary behaviour
• what does operant conditioning deal with

  conditioning voluntary behaviour
• what is operant conditioning bases on

  the law of effect
• what is the law of effect

  acts that are reinforced tend to be repeated. acts that are not reinforced, or are punished tend to be extinguished
• what is positive reinforcement

  when you are rewarded with somthing pleasant when a behaviour is produced. as a result is makes you want to repeat this behaviour
• what is an example of positive reinforcement

  • being given a treat for good behaviour
  • stickers for approval of work
  • pocket money when chores are completed
  • attendance and punctuality award
• what is negative reinforcement

  you avoid something unpleasant when a certain behaviour is produced this makes you want to repeat this behaviour and therefore is more likely to be repeated
• what is an example of negative reinforcement

  • doing homework won't get a detention
  • being polite so people won't be rude
  • doing chores to stop being nagged
  • fastening seat belt to stop the beeping
• what is a punishment

  to extinguish unwanted behaviour and you receive something unpleasant when a behaviour is produced
• what is an example of a punishment

  • being grounded for sneaking out
  • having your phone taken off you
  • getting detention for not doing homework
• who conducted a study on rats

  skinner
• what did skinner do in his study

  conducted a lab experiment to investigate if rats could be trained to press a lever using operant conditioning
• how was positive reinforcement used in skinners study

  when the rat pressed the lever, it received food
• how is negative reinforcement used in skinners study

  when the lever is pressed the electrocutions is stopped
• what is the conclusion of skinners study

  this suggest that learning occurs due to the consequence of behaviour because the rat learns to press the lever for food (positive reinforcement) or to stop electrocutions (negative reinforcement)
• why might skinners results not be representative of real-world application

  the researcher conducted this experiment on the rat and humans are much more complex then animals so this cannot be generalized to humans
• what is token economy

  a behaviour management system which targeted behaviour is reinforced with tokens that is later exchanged for rewards
• what is token economy based on

  operant conditioning
• why is the behaviourst approach deterministic

  behaviourist believe that our behaviour is caused by the way we have been conditioned, behaviour has nothing to do with our own free will or choice, it is simply the result of our experience and learning from the environment
• what treatments have been made from the behaviourist approach

  flooding and systematic desensitization
• what is a strength of the behaviourst approach (treatments)

  a strength of the behaviourst classical conditioning is that is has been used to develop a treatment method for phobias