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Modern Medicine
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Created by
Sophie Green
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Cards (140)
What significant increase in knowledge occurred during the late 19th century?
Knowledge about
disease
increased greatly
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What was the main focus of research after identifying bacteria?
Preventing
and
curing
diseases
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What theory did Pasteur publish in 1861?
Germ Theory
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What did Germ Theory reveal about the cause of diseases?
Bacteria
, not
miasmas
or punishment
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Who identified different types of bacteria causing specific diseases?
Robert Koch
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What method did doctors begin using after identifying bacteria?
Using weakened bacteria to
build
immunity
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Who successfully tried vaccination with smallpox in 1796?
Edward Jenner
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What diseases were vaccines created for after the discovery of Germ Theory?
Diphtheria
,
TB
,
rubella
, anthrax
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What did Koch discover about certain chemicals?
They sought out specific
bacteria
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What was Paul Ehrlich's contribution to medicine?
Finding a
chemical
cure for syphilis
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What was prontosil used to treat?
Blood poisoning
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What are 'magic bullets' in medicine?
Chemicals
that target specific
bacteria
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What germ remained undefeated by magic bullets in the 1920s?
Staphylococcus
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What type of mould was effective against staphylococcus?
Penicillin
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Who discovered penicillin in 1928?
Alexander Fleming
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What did Fleming observe about the mould in his experiment?
It killed
staphylococcus
germs
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Why did Fleming's work initially go unrecognized?
He lacked animal testing for
penicillin
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What did Florey and Chain apply for in the 1930s?
Funding for
penicillin
research
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How did Florey and Chain produce penicillin for testing?
Converted their department into a factory
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Who was the first human to be treated with penicillin?
Albert Alexander
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What happened to Albert Alexander after receiving penicillin?
His
infection
cleared but he
died
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How did World War II impact penicillin production?
Increased demand led to
mass production
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What did the US government do in June 1941 regarding penicillin?
Funded production by
chemical companies
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How many soldiers could be treated with penicillin by 1944?
40,000
soldiers
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What was a key factor in the growth of the pharmaceutical industry?
Production of large quantities of
penicillin
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What did penicillin become classified as after WWII?
An
antibiotic
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What percentage of wounded soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?
15%
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What other antibiotics followed penicillin?
Streptomycin
and
tetracycline
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What is antibiotic resistance?
Bacteria
becoming resistant to antibiotics
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What diseases are still not curable by doctors?
AIDS
and the
common cold
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What does alternative medicine refer to?
Treatments outside
mainstream medicine
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What is a key argument for alternative medicine?
It considers the
patient
as a whole
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What has increased in popularity since the 1980s in Britain?
Alternative medicine
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What is 'positive health' focused on?
Prevention
rather than cure
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What lifestyle changes are emphasized for health?
Regular exercise
and
good diet
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What was a significant outcome of the First World War regarding medical treatment?
Deaths from
injuries
outweighed
deaths
from disease
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What were Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) established for?
To treat
casualties
near the
front
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How were injuries categorized in the First World War?
Slightly
wounded, needing care,
beyond help
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Who developed plastic surgery during the First World War?
Harold Gillies
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What was the purpose of Gillies' special unit?
To graft skin for
facial
wounds
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