Modern Medicine

    Cards (140)

    • What significant increase in knowledge occurred during the late 19th century?
      Knowledge about disease increased greatly
    • What was the main focus of research after identifying bacteria?
      Preventing and curing diseases
    • What theory did Pasteur publish in 1861?
      Germ Theory
    • What did Germ Theory reveal about the cause of diseases?
      Bacteria, not miasmas or punishment
    • Who identified different types of bacteria causing specific diseases?
      Robert Koch
    • What method did doctors begin using after identifying bacteria?
      Using weakened bacteria to build immunity
    • Who successfully tried vaccination with smallpox in 1796?
      Edward Jenner
    • What diseases were vaccines created for after the discovery of Germ Theory?
      Diphtheria, TB, rubella, anthrax
    • What did Koch discover about certain chemicals?
      They sought out specific bacteria
    • What was Paul Ehrlich's contribution to medicine?
      Finding a chemical cure for syphilis
    • What was prontosil used to treat?
      Blood poisoning
    • What are 'magic bullets' in medicine?
      Chemicals that target specific bacteria
    • What germ remained undefeated by magic bullets in the 1920s?
      Staphylococcus
    • What type of mould was effective against staphylococcus?
      Penicillin
    • Who discovered penicillin in 1928?
      Alexander Fleming
    • What did Fleming observe about the mould in his experiment?
      It killed staphylococcus germs
    • Why did Fleming's work initially go unrecognized?
      He lacked animal testing for penicillin
    • What did Florey and Chain apply for in the 1930s?
      Funding for penicillin research
    • How did Florey and Chain produce penicillin for testing?
      Converted their department into a factory
    • Who was the first human to be treated with penicillin?
      Albert Alexander
    • What happened to Albert Alexander after receiving penicillin?
      His infection cleared but he died
    • How did World War II impact penicillin production?
      Increased demand led to mass production
    • What did the US government do in June 1941 regarding penicillin?
      Funded production by chemical companies
    • How many soldiers could be treated with penicillin by 1944?
      40,000 soldiers
    • What was a key factor in the growth of the pharmaceutical industry?
      Production of large quantities of penicillin
    • What did penicillin become classified as after WWII?
      An antibiotic
    • What percentage of wounded soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?
      15%
    • What other antibiotics followed penicillin?
      Streptomycin and tetracycline
    • What is antibiotic resistance?
      Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics
    • What diseases are still not curable by doctors?
      AIDS and the common cold
    • What does alternative medicine refer to?
      Treatments outside mainstream medicine
    • What is a key argument for alternative medicine?
      It considers the patient as a whole
    • What has increased in popularity since the 1980s in Britain?
      Alternative medicine
    • What is 'positive health' focused on?
      Prevention rather than cure
    • What lifestyle changes are emphasized for health?
      Regular exercise and good diet
    • What was a significant outcome of the First World War regarding medical treatment?
      Deaths from injuries outweighed deaths from disease
    • What were Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) established for?
      To treat casualties near the front
    • How were injuries categorized in the First World War?
      Slightly wounded, needing care, beyond help
    • Who developed plastic surgery during the First World War?
      Harold Gillies
    • What was the purpose of Gillies' special unit?
      To graft skin for facial wounds
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