physics topic 3

• What does the particle model of matter density indicate?

  How compact mass is for a material
• Why does a cup of iron have a higher density than a cup of cream?

  Iron has a much higher mass than cream
• In what units do we measure density?

  Kilograms per cubic meter
• What is the equation for density?

  Density = mass divided by volume
• What symbol is used for density?

  The Greek letter rho
• What factors affect density?

  Particle composition and packing density
• Why is water vapor less dense than liquid water?

  Water vapor molecules are more spread out
• How do you find the density of a regular object?

  Calculate volume and measure mass
• How is the volume of a cuboid calculated?

  Length times width times height
• Why might a ruler not be accurate for small measurements?

  Its resolution is likely 1 mm
• What tool is used for more accurate measurements than a ruler?

  Vernier calipers
• What is the resolution of vernier calipers?

  0.1 mm
• What tool is used for very thin objects like wires?

  Micrometer
• How is the volume of an irregular object determined?

  Using water displacement method
• Who is the Greek philosopher associated with the displacement method?

  Archimedes
• What happens to particles in a solid state of matter?

  They vibrate around fixed positions
• How do particles behave in a liquid state?

  They are close but can move past each other
• What characterizes gas particles?

  They are far apart and move randomly
• What must be supplied to melt a solid or evaporate a liquid?

  Energy, usually in the form of heat
• What happens to the temperature of ice when heat is supplied?

  It increases until melting point is reached
• What occurs at the melting point of ice?

  Temperature remains constant until melted
• What happens to energy during a change of state?

  Particles gain potential energy, not kinetic
• What is internal energy?

  Sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles
• What changes occur with an increase in temperature?

  Increase in kinetic energy of particles
• What does the specific heat capacity equation calculate?

  Increase in kinetic energy of particles
• What is the equation for increase in thermal energy?

  e = mcΔT
• What is the specific latent heat of fusion for water?

  334,000 J/kg
• What is the equation for energy needed to change state?

  e = ml
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain kinetic energy and move faster
• How does increased kinetic energy affect gas pressure?

  Increases pressure by more frequent collisions
• How can pressure be increased in a gas?

  By compressing the gas with force
• What is the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature?

  Pressure times volume equals a constant
• What does it mean if pressure and volume are inversely proportional?

  If one increases, the other decreases
• What is the formula relating initial and final pressure and volume?

  P1V1 = P2V2
• How is pressure measured?

  In Newtons per square meter (Pascals)
• What is the short form for Pascals?

  Pa
• What happens to gas pressure when the volume decreases?

  Pressure increases if temperature is constant
• What happens to gas pressure when the volume increases?

  Pressure decreases if temperature is constant
• What is the effect of temperature on gas pressure?

  Higher temperature increases gas pressure
• What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in gases?

  Higher temperature means higher kinetic energy