Ch 17: Blood

Cards (168)

  • what are the 4 functions of blood?
    transport, buffering, defense, clotting
  • one function of blood is to transport gases, nutrients, hormones, waste, and other molecules
  • which gases does blood transport?
    carbon dioxide and oxygen
  • buffering is the process that moderates changes (i.e. pH, temperature, osmolarity)
  • blood functions to defend against foreign invaders like bacteria or parasites
  • clotting is the mechanism used to prevent blood loss
  • 5 liters of blood would be composed of 3 liters of plasma and 2 liters of cellular elements
  • blood is composed of plasma + cellular elements
  • what are the 5 components of plasma?
    water, ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and gases
  • what kind of waste is found in plasma?
    nitrogenous waste
  • what are the 3 types of cellular elements in blood?
    1. red blood cells
    2. white blood cells
    3. platelets
  • what are the 5 types of white blood cells?
    lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
  • what kind of proteins are found in plasma?
    albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
  • albumin comprises 60% of plasma proteins
  • which plasma protein transports lipids, hormones, and steroids?
    albumin
  • globulin comprises 35% of plasma proteins
  • fibrinogen comprises 4% of plasma proteins
  • which plasma protein transports antibodies?
    globulins
  • antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins
  • which plasma protein is responsible for creating osmotic pressure?
    albumin
  • which plasma protein is essential for clotting?
    fibrinogen
  • what kind of solutes are found in plasma?
    electrolytes, organic nutrients, and organic wastes
  • plasma salts are an example of electrolytes found in plasma
  • platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes critical for clotting
  • white blood cells are also known as leukocytes
  • what is the most prevalent type of leukocyte?
    neutrophils
  • basophils are the least common type of leukocyte
  • which element of blood defends against infection?
    white blood cells
  • red blood cells are also known as what?
    erythrocytes
  • erythrocytes deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
  • leukocytes and thrombocytes make up the buffy coat of the blood
  • what is the process of blood cell synthesis called?
    hematopoiesis
  • synthesis of blood cells begins during early embryonic development and continues through life
  • where does hematopoiesis occur?
    bone marrow
  • the liquid fraction of blood is plasma
  • water makes up more than 90% of plasma by volume
  • water in plasma helps blood function as a temperature buffer
  • water in plasma helps blood to absorb heat
  • albumins are too large to leave the bloodstream; they regulate osmolarity and function as carrier molecules
  • which 2 plasma proteins function as carrier proteins?
    albumins and globulins