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Anatomy & Physiology 2
Ch 17: Blood
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what are the 4 functions of blood?
transport
,
buffering
,
defense
,
clotting
one function of blood is to transport
gases
,
nutrients
,
hormones
,
waste
, and other molecules
which gases does blood transport?
carbon dioxide
and
oxygen
buffering
is the process that moderates changes (i.e.
pH
,
temperature
,
osmolarity
)
blood functions to defend against
foreign
invaders
like bacteria or parasites
clotting
is the mechanism used to prevent blood loss
5 liters of blood would be composed of
3
liters of plasma and
2
liters of cellular elements
blood is composed of
plasma
+
cellular elements
what are the 5 components of plasma?
water
,
ions
,
organic
molecules
,
vitamins
, and
gases
what kind of waste is found in plasma?
nitrogenous
waste
what are the 3 types of cellular elements in blood?
red
blood
cells
white
blood
cells
platelets
what are the 5 types of white blood cells?
lymphocytes
,
monocytes
,
neutrophils
,
eosinophils
, and
basophils
what kind of proteins are found in plasma?
albumins
,
globulins
,
fibrinogen
albumin
comprises 60% of plasma proteins
which plasma protein transports lipids, hormones, and steroids?
albumin
globulin
comprises 35% of plasma proteins
fibrinogen
comprises 4% of plasma proteins
which plasma protein transports antibodies?
globulins
antibodies are also known as
immunoglobulins
which plasma protein is responsible for creating osmotic pressure?
albumin
which plasma protein is essential for clotting?
fibrinogen
what kind of solutes are found in plasma?
electrolytes
, organic
nutrients
, and organic
wastes
plasma salts are an example of
electrolytes
found in plasma
platelets are fragments of
megakaryocytes
critical for
clotting
white blood cells are also known as
leukocytes
what is the most prevalent type of leukocyte?
neutrophils
basophils
are the least common type of leukocyte
which element of blood defends against infection?
white
blood
cells
red blood cells are also known as what?
erythrocytes
erythrocytes deliver
oxygen
and remove
carbon dioxide
leukocytes
and
thrombocytes
make up the buffy coat of the blood
what is the process of blood cell synthesis called?
hematopoiesis
synthesis of blood cells begins during
early
embryonic
development and continues through life
where does hematopoiesis occur?
bone
marrow
the liquid fraction of blood is
plasma
water makes up more than
90%
of plasma by volume
water in plasma helps blood function as a
temperature
buffer
water
in plasma helps blood to absorb heat
albumins
are too large to leave the bloodstream; they regulate
osmolarity
and function as carrier molecules
which 2 plasma proteins function as carrier proteins?
albumins
and
globulins
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