NCM 115

• The axial division of the human skeleton consists of 80 bones: the skull, vertebral columns, ribs, and the appendicular division consists of 126 bones: the body's appendages with 126 bones, the pelvic girdle, and the upper and lower limbs.
• The axial bones of the skull include the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and mandible bones.
• CONVULSIVE is an abnormal uncoordinated tetanic contractions in groups of muscles.
• A TETANIC is a more sustained contraction produced by a series of stimuli in rapid succession.
• A TWITCH is a jerky reaction to a single stimulus.
• Types of Muscle Contraction include TWITCH, TETANIC, and CONVULSIVE.
• The cranial bones are the blank bones of the skull, which include the blank frontal, blank parietal, blank temporal, blank occipital, blank sphenoid, blank ethmoid, and blank mandible bones.
• The blank cranial bones form the skull, the blank parietal bones form the sides and roof of the cranium, the blank occipital bones form the posterior portion and floor of the cranium, the blank temporal bones are inferior to the parietal bones on each side of the cranium, and the blank temporal bones form the temporomandibular joint.
• The blank cranial bones include the blank sphenoid bone, which forms part of the cranium floor, lateral posterior portions of the eye orbits, and lateral portions of the cranium anterior to the temporal bones, and the blank ethmoid bone, which forms the anterior portion of the cranium, including the medial surface of the eye orbit and the roof of the nasal cavity.
• The blank ethmoid bone also includes the nasal conchae.
• The blank ethmoid bone is attached to the blank sphenoid bone, and the blank sphenoid bone is attached to the blank temporal bones.
• The blank ethmoid bone is attached to the blank frontal bone, and the blank frontal bone is attached to the blank temporal bones.
• The blank ethmoid bone is attached to the blank occipital bone, and the blank occipital bone is attached to the blank temporal bones.
• The blank ethmoid bone is attached to the blank parietal bone, and the blank parietal bone is attached to the blank temporal bones.
• The pelvic girdle consists of 3 bones: the hip bone, sacrum, and coccyx, and is divided into 3 parts: the ilium, pubis, and ischium.
• Cartilaginous joints are united by means of cartilage and their subclasses are synchondroses and symphysis.
• The bones of the pectoral girdle include the scapula, or shoulder blade, and the clavicle, or collar bone.
• Isometric contraction is when the tension within the muscle increases but the muscle does not shorten.
• Amphiarthrosis is a slightly movable joint, for example, between vertebrae.
• Smooth muscles are found in the stomach and intestines that help with digestion and nutrient collection.
• Diarthrosis is a freely movable joint, for example, the knee, elbow, and wrist articulations.
• Fibrous joints are united by fibrous connective tissue and their subclasses are sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphoses.
• Joints are points of articulations that provide flexibility with the skeletal framework where two bones come together.
• The synovial membrane produces synovial fluid that lubricates the joint.
• Synarthrosis is a non-movable joint, for example, the skull bone.
• The deep fascia is a dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the sheath of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
• The upper limb consists of 3 bones: the femur, fibula, and tibia, and 2 bones of the foot: the patella and tarsal.
• Skeletal muscles are used to move your bones.
• Cardiac muscles cause the mechanical motion of pumping blood throughout the rest of the body.
• The lower limbs include 60 bones: the femur, fibula, tibia, and 2 bones of the foot: the patella and tarsal.
• Tonic contraction is a continuous partial contraction that is vital in maintenance of posture.
• Smooth muscles are also found in the urinary system that help rid the body of toxins and work in electrolyte balance.
• Synovial joints are joined by a fluid cavity and include hinge, saddle, ball and socket, ellipsoid, and pivot joints.
• The superficial fascia is a loose connective tissue that is found directly under the skin.
• Isotonic contraction is a change in tension and length of the muscle.
• Bursae are located between skin and bone, between tendons and bone, or between muscles and serve as cushions.
• Splints are supportive devices that protect a broken bone or injury.
• The purposes of splints are to reduce pain and muscle spasm, promote healing, increase comfort and limit movement, and provide temporary immobilization of sprains, fractures, reduced dislocations, severe soft tissue injuries, and post-laceration repairs.
• Types of splints include Ankle Stirrup, Banjo Splint, Cock Up Splint, Dennis Brown Splint, Finger Splints, Nasal splint, Posterior Elbow Splint, Posterior Ankle Splint, Sugar tong, Thumb spica, and Wrist Splint.
• Bracing is mechanical support for weak muscle, joints and bones and rehabilitation as supporting body weight.