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• Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation.
• Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to another, from parents to offspring.
• Variation is any difference existing between individuals of the same species.
• Genetics, Heredity, and Variation are the basis of inheritance.
• Genomics is the analysis of the DNA content and gene organization in and between organisms.
• The principles that govern heredity were introduced by a monk named Gregor Mendel in the 1860's.
• Genetics is the science of inheritance.
• These principles are now called Mendel's law of segregation and law of independent assortment.
• Proteomics is the study of all the proteins expressed in individual or organisms.
• Classical genetics is the branch of genetics based solely on visible results of reproductive acts.
• Classical genetics is the oldest discipline in the field of genetics, going back to the experiments on Mendelian inheritance by Gregor Mendel who made it possible to identify the basic mechanisms of heredity.
• Classical genetics is concerned with genes, mutation and phenotypes.
• Classical genetics begins with the arrangement of genes on the chromosome and their transmission to the next generation through meiosis, the methods that generate mutations and identify mutants, and the various patterns of inheritance to produce a specific trait or phenotype.
• Molecular Genetics is the study of the structures, replication, and expression of the genetic material and of the expressed protein.
• Molecular genetics includes the methods involved in manipulating the expression and analysis of the genetic material.
• Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.
• The study of chromosomes and gene expression of an organism can give insight into heredity, genetic variation, and mutations.
• Population and Evolutionary Genetics is the study of the mechanism that result in changes in allele frequencies in populations over time and the consequences of those changes.
• Aristotle already noted that the origin of an embryo depends on the fusion of female and male gametes, followed by a process of development from simple towards more complex forms.
• Genetic Counseling provides information and support to people who have, or may be at risk for genetic disorders.
• Genetic Engineering is the direct manipulation of an organisms’ gene using biotechnology.
• Medical Genetics involve the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders.
• Blending inheritance is an obsolete theory in biology from the 19th century, stating that the progeny inherits any characteristic as the average of the parents' values of that characteristic.
• The term homunculus is Latin for “little man” and was part of the Enlightenment-era theory of generation called preformationism.
• The Gene Theory is one of the basic principles of biology, stating that traits are passed from parents to offspring through gene transmission.
• Amniocentesis is the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus.
• Recombinant DNA Technique is the joining together of DNA molecules from two different species.
• Developmental Genetics is the study of how genes control the growth and development of an organism throughout its life cycle.
• German physician and naturalist C.F. Wolff (1734- 1794) proposed the epigenesis theory to counter the preformationist theory, claiming that structures arise during development that are not already (pre-) formed.
• Plant Breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes.
• Genes are located on chromosomes and consist of DNA.
• Animal Husbandry is a branch of genetics concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, milk, eggs, or other products.
• Epidemiological Genetics is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and diseases in families and in population.
• Evolutionary genetics is the study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary change.
• Evolutionary genetics includes topics such as the evolution of genome structure, the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation, and genetic change in response to selection within populations.