study guide

• what are the functions of the nervous system?

  1. sense (detect stimuli)
  2. figure out a response
  3. respond
• what does the myelin sheath do?

  speeds up the impulse
• what do dendrites do?

  receive information from other neurons (detect stimuli) and send it to the cell body
• axon terminals

  transfer the impulse onto the next cell
• axon

  carries the impulse away from the cell body
• cell body

  where normal cell function occur
• motor neuron

  carries impulse away from CNS
• inter neuron

  carries impulse within CNS
• sensory neuron

  carries impulse to CNS, detects stimuli
• medulla oblongata

  controls automatic functions
• cerebrum

  largest part of the brain, communicates/coordinates with other parts of the brain, controls voluntary actions and higher thinking
• Thalamus

  receives sensory input and relays information to appropriate parts of the cerebrum
• Cerebellum

  controls movements of the body
• hypothalamus

  maintains homeostasis, controls activities of autonomic nervous system, stimulates release of hormones from the pituitary gland
• pituitary gland

  controls bodily fluids through hormones it produces
• corpus callosum

  connects the two sides of the brain
• meninges

  membrane surrounding the brain
• neuroendocrine control centre

  hypothalamic neurosecretory cells release factors to the blood
• somatic nervous system

  controls skeletal muscles, voluntary actions and some involuntary actions (reflex arcs)
• automatic nervous system

  controls smooth muscles and glands, can be divided into two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
• sympathetic division

  controls responses associated with 'fight or flight', associated neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
• parasympathetic division

  associated with relaxed states, associated neurotransmitter: acetycholine
• central nervous system (CNS)

  protected by: bones, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

  consists of: brain, spinal cord

  two types of matter: white and grey matter
• white matter

  with myelinated neurons
• grey matter

  with unmeylinated neurons
• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

  12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves

  divided into: autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
• reflex arc

  1. receptor
  2. sensory neuron
  3. inter neuron
  4. motor neuron
  5. effector
• action potential

  1. resting potential
  2. depolarization
  3. repolarization
  4. refactory period
• resting potential

  NA+ on outside K+ on inside of the neuron, -65mV

  NA+/K+ pump maintains these conditions
• depolarisation

  NA+ channels open and NA+ diffuses into the neuron, voltage is 40mV
• repolarization

  K+ channels open causing K+ diffuse out, voltage -65mV
• refactory period

  Na+/K+ pump transports Na+ out and K+ in, -65mV
• how are neurotransmitters broken down in the synaptic cleff

  1. repackaged into vesicles
  2. broken down by enzymes
• frontal lobe controls:

  speech, motor, personality, problem solving
• temperal lobe controls:

  hearing, speech
• parietal lobe controls:

  taste, touch, spelling, math
• optical lobe controls

  vision