ALTERNATORS

• Pulley To transfer mechanical energy from the engine crankshaft to the alternator.
• ·  Housing       It provides structural support, protection, and a secure environment for the alternator's internal parts.
• ·Bearings       function is to reduce friction. They are attached in front and at the end of the rotor shaft. They support the rotor shaft, so the rotation runs smooth and freely.
• ·  Stator Assembly       is a stationary set consisting of several coils of copper wire wound through an iron ring.
• Rotor is the spinning mass inside the alternator.
• ·         Rotor Shaft - the part of the rotor assembly connected to the pulley and bearings and what causes the rotor to spin.
• ·         Rotor Coil - A copper coil rolled between the rotor shaft and Iron Core. This coil is connected to the slip rings. It functions as an electromagnet once energized.
• ·         Rotor Core - it transfers magnetic flux from the rotor coil. It is made of laminated steel sheets to reduce eddy current losses.
• ·         Slip rings - rounded conductive materials connected to the rotor coil. The Slip rings are used as a means of providing direct current and power to the rotor coil.
• ·         Brushes - used to transfer power from the power supply to the rotor coil. It also helps to make a contact with the rotating rings so that current can be supplied to the coil.
• · DC Current Supplier

           Supplies Direct Current to the rotor coils that enables it to become an electromagnet.

  This can be a battery or a small DC generator fitted within the rotor shaft
• Automatic voltage regulator controls the amount of power distributed from the alternator.
• ·         rectifier is used to convert current from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)
• ·   Salient Pole Type      has a large number of protruding poles. The field winding is wounded around these poles forming N and S poles.
• ·   Cylindrical Pole Type      has a cylindrical rotor with slots for field winding. The unslotted part of the rotor forms the N and S poles. They are fewer in number usually 2 or 4.
• Single-phase Alternator

  ·         has multiple armature coils connected in series to form a single winding.

  ·         The single phase output is taken across both terminals of the armature winding.
• Two-phase Alternator

  ·         generates two-phase output. It has two separate armature windings.

  ·          Each winding generates a single phase output where both phases have a 90° phase difference as shown below.
• Three-phase Alternator

  ·         there are three armature windings whose output voltage is 120° apart.

  ·         It has three output terminals each for a separate phase.
• Concentrated Winding

  ·         the stator is always wound exactly over one tooth.

  ·         primarily used for motors that are short and have a large diameter.
• Distributed Winding

  ·         At least two teeth of the stator are always wound.

  ·         The windings overlap at the top and bottom of the electric motor, this area of the motor is also called the winding head.
• Alternator Regulator

  monitor and control the process to charge the battery. It also ensure that all power loads in the vehicle have sufficient energy to function.
• HIPPOLYTE PIXII- Who developed the first practical alternator that is operated by a hand crank?
• ROTOR CORE - It is a part of the rotor assembly that transfers magnetic flux from the rotor coil. It is made of laminated steel sheets to reduce eddy current losses.
• GOLDSCHIMDT ALTERNATOR - Radio alternator is also known as _______ alternator?
• ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION -The working principle of an alternator is based on _______?
• J.E.H. Gordon - Designed and built the first large two-phase alternating current generators
• Lord Kelvin & Sebastian Ferranti - Developed electromechanical alternators produced frequencies between 100 and 300 hertz
• Nikola Tesla - Patented a practical "high-frequency" alternator Tesla Coil and polyphase systems
• automotive alternator is used in automobiles. Since vehicles run on DC not AC power, the automotive alternator has built-in rectifiers to convert AC into DC.
• Diesel electric locomotive alternator

  An alternators that are designed to run on diesel engines in a locomotive. It provides power to the traction motor. It also provides AC power to the passenger train for lighting, air conditioning, heater, power outlets, etc.
• Marine alternators are designed to be explosion proof so that brush sparking will not ignite explosive gas mixtures in an engine room environment.
• Radio alternator also known as the Goldschmidt alternator is a high-frequency alternator used for generating radio frequency current in radio transmitters.
• Brushless Alternator:

  An alternator, the rotor’s slip rings and brushes are replaced by a separate alternator called an excitation alternator. In the excitation alternator, the armature is in the rotor and the field windings are in the stator.